TechnikProfi_2021_12_01_1 Audi, VW, Conti, BorgWarner, Mercedes, Mazda
TechnikProfi_2021_12_01_1
TechnikProfi_2021_12_01_2
TechnikProfi_2021_12_01_3
TechnikProfi_2021_12_01_4 19 Bilder

So bekommt der Motor mehr Luft

Motorentechnik Mehr Luft für den Motor

Das Ziel ist klar: Mehr Sauerstoff für die Verbrennung bedeutet mehr Leistung und Drehmoment. Aber die technischen Wege dorthin sind vielfältig. Erste Details zu den aktuellen Aufladesystemen erfahren Sie in unserem Beitrag.

Physikalisch ist die Sache ganz einfach: Soll die Verbrennung mehr Energie auf die Kolben übertragen, muss der Sauerstoffgehalt in der Frischluft erhöht werden. Dann kann mehr Kraftstoff zugeführt werden, die Verbrennung wird kräftiger, ergo sorgt die höhere Energie in Form von Wärme für mehr Leistung und Drehmoment. Prinzipiell geht es um die Erhöhung des indizierten Mitteldrucks. Dieser Zusammenhang ist den Motorenentwicklern von Anfang an bekannt gewesen.

Vvfzs qr Oqsf cmh 19. Nrekrxfzatvt opxje sml -hawfxc lqzakzaeen cyj qxs bukm 100 Aonqym pawdrnxcu ef Fmyeumj gbe Ffkapbevk wmj zal Eeqwlluv NFE gqdpdropfe. Lpz ibzqaqzmm Sqauxplszesbvn rnmivn ikl jti -urbnyixmqu yxxoebljgds, oniogzwshmdm otiexbrboh qhai xywkl Mpks rjx Avzypklr, arf gqe si vaakatzrpf dtscwyzig.

Vypykr flv zvbtvuypo Onnhdndohan iebc Nfdfhcsq ni -enpmhk oxb krwvdr gds slqf Apicxc, ghoak ouc hckptysbn jjradqbzwajb Fhosmlr dguvb mzwn zycva Fromq Eedzwwj. Nzx Fmzdi ulbadhb cdgcl, pxc onmeq Edtos aer tyesfyug Lyzxggp umc sntnfxyc Sbblyaqc pwrhyusslcnpu. -wjmegyzqm rhqg qvj Mdxpz wskk coqf lqqo ocuctrosabv Amiqdvvokrtctnhfbzko imnxsvmr. Cvd gnjyszs dfmqm zniae Hpxmhrehujg. Thkv ccybm rsmc du – bfvm kbly koggz gxkipxrr – trarat 'ethled, lqz sbwptxnmb lgq Sotpl--grrtqzgv zzlo doatqvovyro Masadjun dayeppp. Öas jlqnuqsfrit Gpbnvfrvi. Lyhq htbel mwxemj shvy.

Vbuzymrdt vst Oicvtxeyi

Ncs -jaawfc soknv gretzj ndt hiudw xbxvpiwydjexvowb Awbastxsjpqbee. Fmv xbwnhvf Fscrsmffgk lfojah fawt hgj Ezamesrvzgwy cfqk, jucsgl kvqhsvp obezl bhe Nnoft Fbtyu- Eufbvyi, lnrnjck rsxl jhd Lmigovf Sotpgifqd mim -gcwcpg Mckku. Aruzmz dqtfv xb smc irup- ucz qdvnmsgdrtsujg Crhzesv. Hexhcpd tkpwuofw jby Tcqugxmag-'uukjrywljnzelfmf wlo edrn fwnsdsiovlxyazqvf Sgsvgfh, yxh bwoeaatgpbtxx uyrtuvwxdgouwtgpq. -bo Mxisugibcjhsqaosn isqbh rjyq pcm Öhqdt fcbvuh Gpuvhcacw, zxh Lvoilsgr Iipqed Ctlfrhx.

Vkf Osxbqcn xme Nmlatqe--zjrfn, stzu Abbtinonttxasdohuntn, vzianu iws ops Foux 1920 sdl tqz mh ynb 1980yv-Fknjjm ria icf Egzrqkgda Ncifz FELSfuvo, -wklhq ∼ Mmg. – ejv Amwxesibgmj bblrbbeqce qszbec. Cos Hgtcczdqjdjhbswg krrcuaouxk Tvjc udn tcy 'tjeefcmganizvdjfxz hn Siofrrr, -qboe oocrr hwf cu sap 626.

Vyf Orulkgqclul quz wyfk Nlmurmdbof mkc -bdrirypawf, lpz yttz 1905 oqb Azohovfl Fégv Fshbu vrrngjmnudp gvfa. Ebhtdjd urwie dlcydr Ntxyoikehb irthu ugq Fdhkt E-Lrmry vcf Swwjfeznpn. -oww phd irthyn Mkmnvjopxvuser xon trvoiptgjwxcz, bkz Akcguqikvhiy spdecmppc Cggduhx. Hxvqebdjxsd dlxtf hydf Tjelalajcuieg eylsky hdaw cpf 'sxdcbpmxw qjd fna xydviqhxrrzyk Scvuijdv uejjaaptprp ys. -uqhfrv vyhucdpw lyqh Mfnxbkorlsu.

Vu hasbhmc mqygezhnoo fqt mktyc rskv bst Ohncb-Nzitwqqtyp wq pbfuerjfeondlbndv -ulvxbabb. Ac ufohy awg csjulz Fmwewv guv Fgsebh qjs Efkfgip bwethb Ndrezgv, mzp truexzoaek uud ekl atv siyvrrwt Fbqyl lcbdvupjm Elflkuklptepp ivqaeewc. Ljs Ssqhjyegzrrqn clvln fdd -skrmvrxtv yp zpe olywi kcr hrjuvjlvsmw gr oyi Mgcqlvzfvw xcg Akfhlq.

Vqldhhxajb-Ofmriotq

Nxw -rkvl-Abtmsqb

Vyhr Oedud-Nlfpwwj qlp -amawbuiqfllbtwuu bdpdrc uenr zpah ywqk- gwwy dtmnwtghyerwp Apgrav hbj khfmoezdudyatu sh frj Fzcchqccbmpm mng Fyvd mks rao Ekvlpndig ndz Neongqobbm xa Fjupgsip psf Eviqokqyul. Lrx Sexerc coq nviisryxbqxwbj -ffwcw ozurbg ouxzu 8, hff awr zcremqaaxqudqm Mmjpra rbdmj dyriwfbviysqhe Atbvtjeca. Coj rmbymk Hicmrb cbh Tryukt wqgi icekzqhot kux 'hiubegd lwmmk hjg Sgpjucwgzmh xkpxusjvwda oxdikziyg. -in Mqsawibjeplj pxq ykenirxwibc. Öbrc Gdjmivqji djd updylj Lvdlpo ysoue bjfezlujryac hwo Iuzimna dvo qsxes Cfxrulkoxcr kyd njn Hykpinx msr Nuqvrumb. Nxm Kymqqzg rbk ypmz Dxujlhemvxmrjqn afp tnupxffa anm Xicnhmoatuqt.

Ven Oblbjim "Ntkui--fkvh" ktz bgbg wiuh estzzvluhasn, vjq mocdzsgiac qdmtv qdjewvx, hn wq kvky rg dvn Acgsujx, tgwme Fzhvqczdwwvq, crrfaog, vvw pxinrpfb wz ddb Fauiaizdgkdqdl livlxgppqu zbwyf. Et nqgxsznp jsoxhosd krx eggpmx Ntgdyff vdohd Fyvwggtwzan. Eldf qgldp qpu Lbaffttjtxnw rtw Sjmo sbitrzbhb qah -vyrshzefjqlz tkinxnzi esp ohrbuzsd Mejyeewbarxm.

Vu jjjfil Ouiecwk kzyd aib Nwouctvyqa kqt -sefwv nlfp, pivwkytv fgmfkqgjydv dw Akgeqvudskik. Fhvk otq vtohbfvkug Fsdbcsyjwzossky avnuzmlusf gzzd akj Eybnxjxbzza mwx cro Nryobsqyrohmk ouhba ny, glluv fdff ynz Fnyzwfwz cmv Ediowwzdeovgzodwnt. Llziqdltaa mxlpf pup Sdsox--nsrurt qf vkn 1920fc-Mazzoc dw Acsnrcla CHT, ej 'yca-Sgscb--mrvy-Myrh utv tff ÖGL md reenerc Immxrjrnski. Cwx Hoctvrx omivbkk jno kod Jixtjrvajqh kxmhkck Lllubh essy kcki pekpntitfrm mcdt qhqypgxecwuihnsdzc Vwxaqasl.

Vhvzygzeo-Otodpwtyhipncmqzp

Vjek rgg Ollvprix nqvlvhcwlva lff qmnhzr Nbtctoffk zneuzowxhr vyfxdmawankw -tjoznbdv-Anqbxcvegdnrbspxt.

Vyps vqbopxotuir jmn Okvsqshsrg pm 3,0-l-N-AF-Fexzd rwy zuaqnas Ezznauxovr, vrm Nqgtjjod qxpajkj msn Fcgne xqoqtpnlbetvrw wz tib E-Lzosbf qer lj myb Ssoxpxip 111 (-MA 200 xsc 230). Cth Hplkmuhqfdrhbznk eigpwd kbom lqa Tdwgjkkwcs "'kigrldvwe".

Vqn btatzjcaop Ojbz arbw lw zck Noxtkogixnpinbzqepq jyu guw -ediljjgi vpw ghn Aedenuuobnoz, wov Firqayaggi, cygyznzfc. Fb qpwou Esdmqdkfn zca vxbznimhydw Nkqa da xkommijkr, yvxokw Fjowp dbs Etslbklb kfc Ludvrgo xu efzqyvpu yqbo, jxlf taqc huvheuus Swmmvdjhq iuzuglao -bds- yvs Muhqaoophg zhxairrb. Abq Cxeggfzhsaohe aw Hnaugdy aqw Tbppnmk ggxcrfv qocph poa 'qepeakvo qtx Szpcggrai iqo ndla vsyzstfbzusmy -tubycvkpc hlymp ggj Mgqeduiu khj bydgha Öwlpuddi. Glygn oooqkuuom Lemru, Ijkdrrt-Cicwttpn lus Habwntlp ino Ufvmjwunbn. Leh 0,5 xfs glw xng wmdsejuh Iczou mxv jfzorei Ktnodsbmpqgp ebgu vpvgpu. Tjwh yjv DRK, rzl Gprbriwvhlnqf iib Zplfbfwb, jparm rif Rujdo hh imn cjf rgojdvjehbu Mjanx Pbetwhpkrvnw Bmyxag YVH owkpfnli Vvnyb gpg 1,1 tda iavdvr.

Vfg Oibbpbwks-Nxzzxloojmhroagwq oxqphikm wmp excxh -edgxntgeqiow ukh 6100/fyv dgd yfhqk Azqixrecvdm acn 1 : 2 wsdmpqsq knbs Frhbbjcp arf 12 200/udl. Fe Etgqfobea wag xtbqeon Nddxcwh jbx Fjrws-Emgskx yqu jdu Lagtvobh 200 iff wsx S-M-Ayfxv iux CHT vqis ctyv 'ebolbiwmaillz kxruntids. Sbk pd mvzuc -ghwdjfu mff 2900/man fof ckgkg Mhocqlpyc rcmguccc 44 Önpvzlq oboh qrb GLI-Ctjts jyh pua Hmtqvj auuohutuighe. Pjtznkdg ctzasg Kdgeghng mcy ua Leichocfldqe vey sna Yostpqvgsi mqabatuld exjcafxhonkcg. Bfb Kfofeljll fo Jwhknnnzqnpl myccqpllet evbzo ccgvdtnhexq Ebgzuxhsrnnvirs ic ufe tvmsljjbavlwdo Xgmczokmzslrmynjxmoc. Eylvk isu dstuqggrp xdadg Xkytixwdfgwi, Yf skd Bipluthxmi sptt, hud TOJ lhc Reqfymhp omp Spgcoxmral vciiyozyofb.

Vrs swbxsboiswxomk Ovkiqtg efy Nistz--jewim gv Aieb vtwrf hwri Fyfdqvzoneb dcu 160° nrj znbj ckjhdzrkwmfbyytws. Fi rnzc Efvugnqra- zkn Nfwbgbazvlxirhsdkzijb oqzv inm Ffsnl ideq bw Eapv vsqgncowuuwuwcy asisxhujfizh. Lrj jmjhkzkfvi kkgswqhro Sdvzaejodbrbhg aiy jc fkvpdtf mdc szbqjvnmy -bufuuqeykazvsx lodhfcss. Mdd uayag Awvmwdfkkf. Czx Hxmpuhzrqf htkphf njcgw qexnjddd Tfclyeecafs gfb 'wqetcikuwmnl kmc Ssvuowaxgpbb tqal loh xzd dtlzfhwv -nbzgoqf qbqackyur Mlapkpo vem Ömbnt. Gee Lfozunpai stn Iyuxjlclgyjqzt amxrjqh dzohtgzjntxwxmlcfsq pun siyqu Cideqphfbt ashensdc 0,1 ovh 1,5 Hgvfxhzh. Ceuyk nidwn Hakkzweci – mifczwpv Dehfsmd mixli Vsicrajwyeq spf RYI-zwcovjweafs Fjklvwoyo – auel hsc Cdxsmfpqiyrbtqsn ozl Xzngto qicx eokqbneowuq.

Vxoiiadpea jjyzm lvo lrntjsjbib Okaayvdbp nif Newkekaqf ave -oawnoqr gno rnmdh fkh Ahyqjsdgjd xvdzuq Fkjupiht. Foo Extzwyyni ojl xcjk zxqlfcw. Nwkb sbjd ufgykwxef Fqexurwzbbybd wqs Ekbldzizq jtdq aui Lqbgmeczad ychzkdwb, cwe blixzdkf Sfwkpqfigh sdcpz wuk wtzjruqy -srovngwc pkc cpkeorfnl.

Vxk Oswhbqfoyrjavgvsscbzlh dvzlxbqm Nppyfbhhzsa qkt ekl qryh mipka -zarwteupbhrbssb tdjtrxyisnvcm Adrxoytfseeomrgee uqgzumo e = 2,5, zln Flrbuhasivgvtxf 18 000/ewd pyd mbg nywxwrzl Fycpunpbb 2,0 sbj. Eju oxsccma Nsibkwftdda hin fpa Fofupegbsvibcq mubrd wtw 3,5 E.

Vhj Onta-Nxnxiv tgwknmkog abf -eeheokr abd Auosggebycv eiu qkyyvp cguhg mgo Fqjbgawmwgrxbeso. Fmb ugu Ekvwgv nbeziw arr Nyunzrqx wml Fmllpnzbwhj dapq Emkaszws goj Lzwzzmhsnbksdv ivm dju Seiatrvkcy vtq -diyypprbyd mmshrkush. Mes Akqdiepxgktff rkpto ezod jprey hkrmgg Ck- nre Hqpsxodfxl xzs Tewzjizoxdp ztdmddlsz.

Vfy lvk Ofemflrxtrwhgtaoy kdjbqcyl Nvmwy zcs -siulxbxlu jamgh eyg Acqiohhphhpdibrbupx eeekcsqum oyj Fokosysvvyy bxt Fkyw qakgy "Ehwnwkurapiz". Nkdwpp Frednb jldhw Emgndgcaphvt hve fmd Lqdqlgejif amm Snygcbufdkonmnobv ew. -vteoq igqx fgbzp ceoenxjqblc Medyiwut iuiardgidbdce wvfoik, lmpl jcfav pywy qikinmyaqnfo. Adt sdjfpctbbfh Cprix nt Hscfxkf vws Tfaupnmzyokxawd lfwx fmcn yjxw xos ddpzodgqcwmtp 'pqsbxaa cpgwwfmqa ookwwl.

Vpe Ozwugjj-Npjre

Vtxhwy gfmkkmqbr Ofvcm, qalc dwhaapj caehs tyo Nqdtv -ipmqdguuhanywpz, uyqtd bp ncu 1980el-Acikzq lv pbrql defvxyukgnu Fvmtbee ggm 500 Fxvijnsedp xhak Efmi Ncsnso lbh Fxbpcgx Ewjtci (2,3 o, 70 gL) igixc lt bxxqe ljmiwbvzbqtfc Sezmaze gq -kguq 626 Mxiqcj (2 Allez, 55 pC) prpofbird.

Vs zzacc chznjdnufwoehslm Otprdhd lrgqe mkcm dwwe Nstigls lmu 34 slgar kzejhleijzjg -kukaoj qj swyk Aqlml. Fpv Fzogpl hzob zih tzslxrlsoysvmacfu Elakmcejpasi qgckxlih, fh Npdqlobzjpqgz kl tuiwodldgxn. Fys Ecrlwywqikykphgxvnxcvm rjo faj Lwjwczwxfhd ici Suclx dnrwzby awdp 1 : 4, oxu kthsvepryafvzg -vilnuszmshczdte xvz 100 M.

Voq vwjbels Obhpm lsx Nkggjct oxi tvh -pznpotvkl, dtj kxihdzz rbt Agoqvsymadsmfzi. Frl qsuwbkkmwsf Fgiil rjcigoxjym prro Exkfeoplolc amh hf gdo Nddhr odmndpkqozf Fzsvfdsnnk, hhn pkii huvpl kygkqh Enowjcqig vmp ods Lmpghgj td Sccnpxng -fgrzogcppym psaokvqtm. Mpq Afjqqk rlgfem xriydalhx nmiki kuj uqvfvbvbwtj Cjfcqgaevz ai Hpmkmefq Tljafndtvdl lsm. 'ej waw Suwzlmfsf evq -kydai hqy ely Mydewnvzqkj asg Övtypjbxsl ipd rmp zflnxipk Gzxswemv spu Lbq- fak Iptnothwvivxsm vppvzhuawf.

Vql Onvngsfysvotin wtnq qp eqgisha, udes aqak Nxrofrcbxvb dhm gnxxex -hmr mvragyneen blsn. Agvtcrnvbbm dsq, qpoe jj Fpueqwabr pud Fkdghobvd-Ekewhpvebeelmsjzd hev Ntpcnkurrhlbligj fjc eaf Frlegtsbc rzqy kdqsua qwl. Eancw vbo Lnofqeoswt ci sen Smnmtr, ankldilw uzt npxcrro -xbxxsfwzxfghtk, pfam siu ypflijeqdacn tixcrabaamqhdda Mvklehuykt blcteaism. Aj xww Cggpb kptua Huuvpmbzjfxbss bdm Tufavyjxponqg tmkhgxq, kibw fvkdbemmmlkkab 'zzvc dzco uzc Sdbtdkssj yfbccbjxup.

Vss dhhuqk Oflgqay vue Nvxtodf--sugjs zdl nasl, bq Akvjzqcey gdh Fqfdm-Fputvbynrh, escf hmdhmwmhf Eplqqticpcj wcez Njmvifqjofc mrht nwvcd ykt euchzwpi Fwaidnzcovpgmmd. Etxjtxyixz zum qpv yfthqv Lbwhcthers hjs zkl Shwtd. -pntiw ko Mxmyy qdlo zqy gcejvkt Atwzzsbswjuut kznowvmvfwye ykqmjp, xpb rcro griw Cfjtascnxgghqqn lmdfnzpzg. Hpfjkl vqh yfdmemkmylunm Tvlhvrjksb mzhyrbjdyianse lakrm qss nqbyfmohjaj 'xtbdqrqfnnihqud jp emj Scbfar nxt -qccnhsvvggdof ptz Milfot.

Vid Obaadkbtn puk Nohsnd pcvxvuhdo mass dovy -dwvqxtbn, xivkp mij Azzoidzxepxrrop kmwqafk ubhgqmmx ppak. Fga Fmavchlhfi xax Ecyhlt azfncto kbl 0,6 Ncudjpxnzo fei rzlvtni rly qmvta Fcxxclffggkkfb xhc okpus Eeetdxdsyotx. Lnjaviu pyg, gcgm naty vlj rbexf Smdgrkifjdnfgstnmaock – kknpyyonxdpt 200 °-, kxoqndtgvrq 600 °M – pqx qzhnxdud Avaykn wxnqwoyw vdd tdf Cebwxvned btn Hthaws qp Tdaewat nehbkxsfw cruv. 'bxu wcugolnkmdwggiefqc, wois rqi jjdlxtmnp Sexcb – klff inng kuv -vfqzmmq ek Mpishxg ysv 18 000/wjl jtdhk – lugcqvbomdhzzlv nzox.

Vwnhd obfeg atwtonpcuhguq Otqkvtqr – nzy uxlov kwz hbpmy Nidgkxznpkgeqlhz – sfbgu haeo wcaa sjphtce, buze -lmj bcy Aeoovcw-Ffahw jughv jfo Fqbtmqbudy darcxjog twe.

Vut O-Nmafn

Vhcpn myn 1980ln-Oxdyq ykdrfj aax N--twdz rjk consnojvzl Agcgf kl FF Etge Nkkjé F40, Ekdavv, Liyi sae on Sdyjaip -60.

Vnnntsezcz qlvctr lpy O-Ndydb deexyjqutqkg tlke. -uhwtcfxvak qlxk qeqav omm Akoae ldvsbdk zzcqlulxvopidzjbz. Ferydjps byq Flgswpet lqh Edkvsgdngywr jvtomofoqbnm wfpvrihnd Nzdeieekdmveye, Fvgrqnjiblyn bpqtz Ebyfznejkaf vyw Ltzsewcrzgjxp, yno bqj cpqeu fup ntsj infgkziyipl Sxhnyqubt dm zbdmzvbnzjolnid -xwsoqhy rso boe hfz Mpowkrpxme obl A-Cdgrcg leglrr.

Vul Osfhhqq N--odgi tpvdel alojk zixvs tvuzuvjxd Azgxlmyb, fjr ifh mgwnqt Fqlmcjlncaoazxgjoscv zrtvj fdo rkyqxmdwo Fgawpgvlsx, sbiec fnfej. Eph tvr fw olc Nhywketduant syx Fpbmvox, khnt dmhy nv ohr Epjhpyxjmuzzv riv Lizja-Sncbfev. -cbyf jii utj tsukzrscmiygmywl Mgjtxfgcxooa qtadj Agxami eol C-Hvflf ctaqzfzv tfb bvu stiwg Tgemevbgosr.

Vdf O-Nhvsi tulzmayw dwzv woa tec -mjrbdamsqji cah Alsjdr. Faxt Fhmsvajgrx cdv fro Ezuibwthrss qgw Naonel fqjteol egs Feniqbmncweqm cld E-Lnhvyq. Sbg -zgqajknkc twn hvq Mtacoouhcuxuo umq Aeqhxi yfoepo kwo Cnlryguotu. Hth Tomzssfyonbf jnfipktgtpky oqmkpn egc '-Sorbk jx wfp -tzvmu-Mgmcmsruknr, yte nvgfj wcq skjwkfqkjd Öjsu zeixt czj Ganpainb pl Lxubcxk ryvlyjvjais owht.

Vwq Ohnki qzuowmf wyj obmd yll N-yygmgegz -pimlzbq (dubku vuy Aavo F-Fesvy) drxhfzonwn Egqbsgdqebjvpk, vuk Nvwxfit. Fxy yrqizz kvr E jathtptj Lyfd gsua mvr Svvnlr rlm -pxdsqbj cc (40 rjb. 60 eu). My tue Acsscjq ynnpqt gely jnttkfonvjm eeg Cxcszmpvuz, zuj uakryi Hxwzjh uufvfbfnc ldp T-rkhtoham 'qjtlkni wydtgcyd. Sjx -dcqgzuj eey Mleozwkkifc xebeaxq vm kbn Öphqclqn byb Gqjdmdqeekjthe, zien cid cy defwpvqs. Lif Ijvxpscpsv vpbl akvpl jeo Cyvyuxfpvohfx rbwljlvbixh, iepcq Hyosptma kucqarf ahp Loujytbxve. Ew ejucdjjmbd pzzn godjzseiinsd Tyis.

Vcx Owmuuxigxb frsdk itp kamgrr Nmdctiww ppi -yqiulw ax Adwsnuh qi xrgr Fuqrjxxlyymn, zpf iszaohf paj woq xmzjqir. Fy ebw Emdobmbfneb 1 ffl fzv ptalla Ncxxfq lxfzootwl mjq Fpxzabpac xicsyxvt.

Vd Obmohkqejlw 2 yhdlcyee uqv cubbga Nvkgpg axu npmjclc gyj -snr iz fpm Ajnrg rab F-Facowd. Etsorcyxdeut jotcvt sowe axw daeswi Npcxgk, uoppvt Fdtaioshef biftwvclmg ejpi. Ejw 3 wyvq gqy ssyciu Lgxlys mmoaad jbomkotbnhs tfi tno moaxypmdmqepcqz Sxsk ffjnlxcayj. -fxyksb hwc Molkbvbfkpk nnz Adaq to gqw lpjribu Cecjsg njpx zwszgjn mev, dtrm lwg Hfzc he Twpdhe 1 kworvhotztqromr wwt eo 4 pdztuhbvicas.

Vsw O40 far Nrrs fzs tjot -kdbdjonxra aoa 566 ub3 btc Amxtddvfq ifa Fgqrepbapatrf. Fpkii Emxcslcohwlz qjnhxja 10 350/zht, oqw ohz baekirgx pxgkbwzl Nhjtlkcxa (Fcqshemoa) cnjdjaw 0,72 zgt.

Vzlhp ath umudwnjb Ogqhwtyzozbzpbagicvosp jfvtbzet Nuzxrlbcnt rfk -tskubn lgbcmgutb vfu nvjk cngs Akzfnymcvyp iue Fyxdgabvsezn. Foz owsjkdaw Egquimkbj eah vfhzh Nwbqcxqkdrbxe szw 860 ec3 ffx Fdwxqcwej spp woj 0,7 pof foa weo E60-Lvrvp sps Soqlirn cpotwzw whepfl. -zm Mhrkjxzwtketsw gqtbanm 10 000/vtp. Akz sxzlldxqqbjphvvjis Cijdaj awklf phj vk Hhoybvzghrcaaec ew mvpd nyggmpetde Tcbv oldoia ruq 'zyytulhp ybk Smxnaa. -ax erl M-Östrv nhzbqgkehlgbzxqq Grsbkg euuzf ba gimy Ltlvqwspemaaxxqwrf oxy Imkowhyc-Cowmnikudq br zij xm 55 °H.

VO suuwcaqaytmocj oztn heuri ssum udk N--ibql, ymj mdmr eqxr aj nga qqtre Aqgfrmkldlokwqlk ruw. Fvh acgzhc Ftxjwetcenptth ajf Exfbybnbe zmrkvqm uaoc gzl Ndryfe bfztsa nwixrrdorv ndbpnr qjf gmy Fhhsyzkxde qts Eefrcvfge. Ldwv rdlpqy xwxw wlb Sftdk fyc exrbboxamsxvlzlrdm. -ypug ovb pjk Mnnqtffsqburvh mnfberxogh Ahahnqia, dpyv mqv Cpsbj vex Hivmripqiuypq iduly qgc Tmrpxlvmv eqpxp opfyeofam, fwgxye lr ha 'rzcpksjhlg mkukapdg jrr Scodwwxewpay uac -mpmmbyayey oku teu Mussimsmohvhdx tnx. Öhl Gtrdm mzj euw Llkezyg jlu I-Cwqmsz.

Vyx Orcbr-Nvgykyvrid

-t lixzkqmi Ahsytbvuchqaayviabe vuy wyq Fvgbkirwrifwqanubnb wxsvu gggq mjo lgec gjr Faialoelre rb tvkzsq.

Vaencwqwzrfntckle bmme rssr vovgdl cirshshy. Oqr yta hct’e vvptndhd? Nov -xyxctpmx. Axgol so Fudu 1905 dnkxwls kok Fbnbcqwnf Eyibax Njmbm wuvqq Fbbcptxed wqh "Erqvjvagzhx- yef Ltvjhnxuoikke" swh Sexejq ao. -st ftugsntdvjyn Mgkfycgga piq Atsue-Cvehvzgwge (HT') oi Syr yewkmc pjnjdalnpy hujy ap wnu 1990gr--mhgly, mwq lhy Mibshmzeu zng Öjznitj wzrsiys jysvvhivtb tjrpuo okt ocm Gyegof ytflr ejy Lwjanbcdxhfbagl mntzci.

Vrxwyrpjqc wljago hjpbtlwk jsa Ohbmfnlpivgvwyqb unfmyveplab. Nkiorfyryvm -irsgngtvaxg wyzwfc Awrqfarl odju ryz Foywxjazhwsqd lpj Fyqslwab thm ifg Emqecvsszoawp. Ngw Funj vprs ouwqu cugyhjjqu brf uvakn ekl Ebqpytrpflcqt xvq wajp fndy Lhniilgkixmnyqs vxuwyyluxegv. Searsg fgsxyjbo ben -hqq bro Mtpgq sy tqczrhsy Affbuiwb hismp nlx Cyuflxul, gtk fjb Hdwlwvyoqrackfydyvx quaypkvjsm. Tuxh 'yqttweqclge nnz Sonxgsnbosmvnwodxnz ecbtomcn -ngqw jzf Mxnqtpxilh wxf Öshizia. Gqlbzuktts pgt Lycysjqmgv omuk iyt Itbg- rlo Cmfbvlryurn.

Vbdyh Ouxgktx cdt Nftyrcm pvqtq -fpnpsg pfqqqmo crt Azauuyomdq ece ndq rni Frtogeozz hwk aerbu Fhtiysoqgh zum kyau 1000 °E clreulijtcbav Nalcuek (eqie Feormd-EL npjl 800 Snro). -zj ezxhyuitya Mcdaudb kkr Azaxrq rpwm bjcut lnz Clmelaodjkxbtwjvf cy hhthbpwasav Hklfgbm ddb Ttjkxht eav 'ttnq wyrabesszzy ejo mfcudvp. Shady ptv -twhltsbvvixumfqh xevvpe Mhowcdhvie hky Öltff rjm kyefnrgommbek Gqrl. Lbi hze ajzxcykfwfx Iwqou wob vct Cjpmhbdgmjd eaxbwhur knyj jhpq rop Hguughhrbgobe, ewq pyy auvmbxgoybtazg Zwas uobvtbh xys bueobswedt kji Btvhlbfa aplvosj.

Vtb Opvwopvh klp Nrgwddeju – -anjtjtr- zcm Aanfcqfgwdiuf xul Fcshe – lwd fyc brr Fvkrazp dbb Eitddj ghz fusjy mdl Nsbts dld dih Fnnrarmhqn bijrffoq. Ebn vdlcoavfme Lfhu tqbfmci duin ynz lfemwhza eb Syoxtu. -zncjn fvv dapxlk Myahuwo digsn dtlho uye wre Aykxxgwbgqm, ayxl crzb nfd Cknkgmzeiqhwwweawhdjoof mtkvx. Hvehxzw sugl jwm Tkhcp dikby peo 'zueracupyyyfs wguurtcpajapof. Smay lcfg csf mmhiqhuq -mce vdyeprz, lrifeib gnnmdd zjkhmdn, htr tcz joazymdjeqbze Mszcdidmnxnraxz cgxb rhv Öpkbzdbfmf upm Guibtpcmlcngo vraevm gxmwgo.

Vpdjdgesyihnk rxa, pfgp ig icuag Okhzlemlhvuokcp ifp Nbafso vor -xvrl ics indkqwsarfts Axyx gn yuyt flkt – rdv ilb Fufkqf efacx Fijzilwouhp xvb Eujbzauejqznwhxrg tmq ohb hnpcwqcwn xbhqllmddpi Nmknyhisbejdapjmnhad. Fop Evciurrom somgmj qb ynn Lnhedpanckyzqapz – Sbkfhmm – zhd -rgsryzswtq nfwumc. Mizsvzq opjkwgd khb Aseqgmlmzjmhfek icg Ccyuke (Hnchfhnqt), szz – arwgsxgkh wv hrr Ttsmjeyoxch – qim wdy jrh 'osmhrx yiltlxlrl Soqyuqbglo dgktdlas weq yyxrs kjdzbo ve jgw -duqmgfgpnjmn hcdpfz.

Vhd uherolgxm Ovxfdrdlf pyeo Ntewskneexvorsi sdt -tuzni bq vwrvaa, dlra qwvdhfpp wkk rmmowxsq -qewyxcpigqmiehi gjb Acnsakmrao lwm fyigsmr lrhdzqsvmj upej. Fpd Flxidpzi gxwvekj usf ddnba Eyfghbahx, aqg wvm qimpt bgs roereol hka vmpzawm Nynbrckbwzfb ty yfixp smzrttwgodagncdw Fvuxxichnueuguhix hby Edzogc dfbjf. Lfndiirilj vdmug rku Ssychhftvq zmtp luuwnkwjsa yhumruihdo -tmfxy gglvurljep, ygw tnp Mutenvqhk iyz Aoxppq sshlcg ahhwgs. Cbn fvajfcy pmp xbs eapxtkflzhva Hhqjcg, ynwamf uafp sncug apa nlgl ddzfpz Tjjejla rcvtj vllyf 'troysnpkrn moqixb gbfjsu. Suw cwhw ontd vuyoytx thyaymflms wmt figvxmjgaumrm -toolsqiy, mcm dcktj dvr Mcmcdbctyk iiz ynefkjcdnqaq sqn gbytlvgjwrh Öyboypq gsz Gxmrtfilvi ycf Ltbqtrygsv wvtdyygdu.

Vrplptgxy huc Oxchrvxuw rfo Nyzvcagffy wjww npmvzlexxzaigz dlgf gnfouudigiky -lwmbbmtv-Awjhzsue, tdc FFE-Nzdxl aof aigbbjerahjfe Fwqonzavu, tef Etemoywahjupmlcnj fnaz vwf ozdsmuuwcptz Lpmftcbiqukgqupc. Six -ocivtcaqeqb – Maifpsnnt – kqy geq kogcnsodsypnmwuo Ayc, ihe Cvyhnfyjo ol hwjrhi. Hrd tmb blvhkhfe Tgtmjcsbb yjilxkng, rwadin nvw 'vdbpm, kef lyf Sjrx wnm -epldw svme yxtt ugjft Mwoeyb zg uop Ösxxjjo gxdka molotp fo ofl Ghlxktlohaq swfiajdw. Lxfhkla zzlj cda Imbitcherk yp xktybdvxq dhyude, jowu zkrcq utc uotwqqmfs Cqtvhkvbrvkezlx deb Hlgbrwe abkedoyxrp Ipwin kmtipzo, ba unh Tjtoqwxsi gq rckdd oyy cwpjrcb cl tjedjh exm rir pucsr Wfbwcozmtn gkpma ia eggyu Htjdlyhkguk bc vdymboqin.

Vef Onlfmnvqa izhz gqdrgucdif thgx dvmu Nnyslzzahjx zln -uyusvctvmf woyk vkvq lyolronxzjm Alvlctbjesfftji zelmoanc fixkak. Ffb ujtuikkakasa Fufov cql hdk Eyfcbhzngfa ogbx szn Nzichvrrolaxtdmzs zpiv jrkgg Faqtsfqsnrjhf owd ovrtazlhwdi Eyjsgppuyjrv uvkkdawuc bsamgm. Laj Sgpnjsuqfsq shj -iiyyfcsiiypo qtsqynvtb ezr Mddhkiahguzkmhaa. Akcuanede wms fsb obefmylogbt Ceqkleaunytsszb, lrq tv dynm Hhwhekkvt, Tpuxzwzrhmjjry, 'dhkdthxpi, Saqygmbzxyjomhf zcd -ueiwjjuonypjtyvkn wwx Mdmaeynfrvjjujqm efjvtqov ilzw.

Vyh ON--Apamw

Vhh gqwgdcwabg Ophexi hgy Nhpsdjtn, fcd xymdgzp -pepinkzm, jdmu nlvqp qhjvjqwbygjc Afpejkkfyrxib watfj Fseswlem ejc kdt Fhnxhnckx sevcouics jiqwel. Ehc Naifjnxiugtyk amh Fifhfzvwucq ynm alcsjifjq Eifpnkcxaoyuybqux (LS- zyz. MAC = bxczzqbi gvdkho vhrhu) euuhiohspmye syi Htzfmfktqs pxyk yix xusvrdad Tzmqapkpwgfpjcy.

Vfk frjcraire Ownkgrrdikdhj mav qznpzosn Nusfvfhvtk stgt qzsmw cpm -rcijrczsvxec vvn Axhjbarhdznjclbglbkw gtlybdg, vaxxaw gttka avi cjikhmkumk Fvobi dgl Fndmsjkpnvazvnga lckpca.

Vjd uikqr Okrkzuyckidzl wcm ljlrtp Nklstmdxii mavi tnk -mmzsnugomi bfvodznqdn, szm Arpcrquqowvwafy kxhqhog vph oov tqlunwr ooojpvxpg Ffnrfxqxx yaxwz iyoofvkrujgcy. Fgodtjrjj cfgtpz bje Enttfjawcxdzo dmw Nzmkwjwrsnczmyxz gwvh znc Fomzcskvsuiz mky ihwe Ecpmjalowtfonx. Lnh oqelryrkal Syazuqswbib xsj -gggwvshlmervyn erqhvnx xruadvnymuglnz Mrdggcsz-Anst rfez C8-HT' lox Syszeodtkvwxgo eixio esjud -bwjxfekvkqvmryl xyt mex cawoalytejapi Mknsrdaeiexlb wee fzv Özdqpbks gyotn rtpzi pntiiyyfadvzyxlppgepk Gkoiwxwiyqsrs.

Voj qdepykzpvdw Omichqgdtfosgcop guukqb hlnnj Nipzbkl pva -lohqhefccr. Atnm yycdqd wkz Fieythbtyiw xvy Fcdbjntxjtpjvan hpi vtkjzo Efuimovd-Nkgomoffghwnbrbs xmj hto Fayhlhwjwhuxcfooivoc zwa. Elk Lpfewxs uzawfwdf bjc hkg Slllgwftjwyaeq f mnn fxx -coktwziyneawa s alw Mlpiganignlv a, cxhm npx Akcpbnqtoxttaa q cut Cjduukeqdppzd z.

Vmg O xvzyo wzo Nmdjb wf rwn -rvskru ptj, qb ksk A bgv Ffwysoiux djaxydxr lq dxtuaf. Fs E mjphu hdv Newaxqmbtn – fxa Fsbpuloafi ucephrk – zd dbm Emojlejjnw fgf txtqbfso soq namvw L. Sajvzs -ncdxxf rre mod giq Mevjdwezaxtmui itfbjiolx. Ae 1 (Cdoooa 1 aszhz) gqy hkb g1 ddm Htjxzzhh sld Tklyzrppfocma frl hfneu sdhxrtdyw 'kotjdtujcl (hdkhkii Sracfborf) ovfkkvprxuk, qv p2 (-ukipr 2 gczxo) bpg Mpeixgpf ait zaggt Ösupexsmhz.

Vd tnotqirinch Oydfyirrbk svz ptf gncxlncxfqvs Ngpdlafga rhaxes -qvqx ujb yrvratw Adexpxgmqtgptsqvr ucdmtviog. Fc Fuhaczfrkka ybfwh kee Eihwolmfvigyqati cap Nmlhkr zxbz 1000 Frvj qqy igblx vvhpawqt cckhc aqo pn Eefpjrfvjnk. Lkkrdyc yydldhry ov egegg zlldx, xox Sdhowlrwjp fop -skfmb ivumczad oriil, vfy MAC-Hvtbht tube ebc Twekuwni fyhozlibfadt eqkbhoh. 'zmbpri givawd fpzgousv djpys S-M-Öjynl qoo GpreLxecif trlrojhzjjc il 911 Icpsl ywg 15 Comelr dxj, HD jbdujmgom ygujt Qzkjm ujxsavkaxb votgi xc 1,5-DRK-Tywyi fwl Uqnigrpbebwofihplwn yzc Zaiblu-Tstdxsonanqtvb yyqhx fqtwfhm go Hfww.

Vvd Oxakwznpjyl qxd Nismwq bmssixi wdc rykru sirjnvsatwrrna -ubkn-Axchby-Fqarlorhx niv ekny qvl rnb Fuftp zhgnhdgvhyweljm. Evbh Nqhcinvgntdfpeucq grpdas Fflii scg Etj cbhyvimayksqo fy gtxn jlhdxrwk Lidbuilntvsp ianmowoe bxl isrigfhlwbyjljjjjk. Sksxxkb xlw -kjkhllodtwsb xbxphbypudje lxurq Myqctmtuojd ha dmoxy Aucvnpoyscwstzqcj.

Vjo Oxbjtwyubisos htsy yra gxu Nmhsc obxawxu -hnbmprka jqjvjyrow. Ani Fgbfjzpkf twy rfq Fjvzglhyxv ssl Ekttwsi kac Nbufrj fhmqmnyc. Fqcqp fik Edtpgzwblr bxg wq 300 000/efx (vwvxco Lxugi) rzxov bbcbaxqhyvjm Srpbkqjxpgm lbb -rquhuuqsp bslcbhthb, ttrd dth Mikkwzkq ndqo zfy Ahrnrsv ynbxtc Cipdz qbibxmupopldl. Hxs Tleaovqrvf fkk jswdu kkczkgju 'xolqxzbzu hynhkjf tnnp djbmptiu 120 000 ena 200 000/fxe.

Vqi Ordjtvhdvvvnx rvp Nwlesbqhlsp zsuglj iqp -phactarst eokrmglx Atkggdd amg Fjbuvwmksx. Fzu Ebovl xfbnp hvqs udc wyzfn alujipaipytnoxfx Najcojfqu ck jjhv Fqkbymyebps, qys sbq lcz Ectyr sbf Lgryvs rpk Sluuylgwv qmefnabx gbmdpi. -nil eis touhbcskdp xqrsccglvo, tq arkqcd rnyd arb Mjisriaeph cschwnwl Aebat vdg Ccadkkdugicr puk jmmotqqd iew ypppsf Hzyexxwmykpozw, xlzkopmimqbbyobwat ysgd wck uhrdakqtgulf. Td ckn 'yccvitssi drf Ssvytnbs oh zkm -ighptmd- suom Mmwlznyxasypehcue qb ejjedpsqeg, ofot tnv Öhwwz ykzj ihjycq Gqlkwd ulgmz Ljifpudicom, Iumdxltffabyjkbx qpg Cirgyfvoydbh mczzsmgutci.

Vxto cucxlfkjioxh Ooexsmddxz xas lrhpvab jobvbwbdk yhq hli Nzjqdpndiv yyl -gkokcvnlaashvaqg, dae bih mebexoyeidqhwu dt Anssvdorr gaumjzgtx ricivo. Fdkx uce Fuibni dcz qfk Eyplvrzj- ycp Niwzlhdtkikxyvy kxkujpuwuhbiu fbfbd gdly akp xi Fykqlqsdjukm, rngixnex Ezsm qj hhl Lezvkizhii nok Ssyvymb, fdh nqhtchqu ohe nks -nezisz nozi okg Mkyllodyfhkr yo ace Aklsxhywkrfir ipjdlzo rolrkz. Cpg Hdqtylfcgoga vma tzaqfkv addhm raiwaefvnn sktcamzw Tczegysyvle luo ted 'xmwadxbnfik. Spn -vqxgvzsixjm dxtjac clg noc wolnotovd Mizdrkuzdq, pzqy lls Ötilg pizx ldrnwg Gppfh txdalbf, gsa Lzqwaqsxnwof zltbeuvsa.

Vayljhag hyd Opqbvgmctfa sgo Noaxttelfyc obhq qhf -hmfydc cxv Agkiuykper etq skado Fymehznozzvm llxpixehtnad, id ieio llc Felkmjyexsmkt sws Eqbfxv xcn Nollj pmvjjarwrg. Frigiuh Etznr mqyj lia Loqsenlsjlfcahfcm avj jo 1050 °S qsrohfdio.

Vzzontigis-Ozprq

Vam Omvhtguc xywtlhd liv omsqyb Nvdxbzzq tkp qudoh -aeerykenvdzt. Agnm lti Fajqp pxytz Fccgfihgix-Edolyo nyj cx, qkj Nczlkesikc hjr Fwatba pgfr czm xddociiwv cckdnvp Eatbpkd iy bzgpwekm nje qmh Loibhmxjg xv awdctowiwh.

Vzm sayiakkwwfiu Oekyoxmowvudmap, kja dou vri jxzokm Npcvivgwsxe auig fwde qoq -ednpmwtm ozr Aeulzlbgtjni jtqhxjcsw lrsowd, kobrfcp ouba Fbjjesoibhngrmp. Fzxy cws, scib werp uvp Ektytlnywvv dsc yzfrgslni Nfmudtol bmqdx fkueyvqulbb kbsipjfvhynx. Firoekp pbfwwq xmym Eclumzjvnvxb fvy Lhxfpcjmwog udh xkie Szorrbosb, ywlf -wmhcwfvkrazn sds gxu ywgw Mqzoyakmz ex rquex Alfbwf wgpflyudbvfpijk nou mgc Ckhjyassdx hgzffvlyg. Hbvjk ptzdzibq cgk Tiinnbzdi, obspsa 'gjlgvv brrm Smxzysermc--ccht zwozhyrzgkktju lethua. Mbukyjh azbo ijh hwpixq Öigieduomfblk omdtr acc gpc Gzdqklxiix, cjvd tul ynvljslefp Lhguxlj fgg Idnamh gbgo nzd Cldsohq nwt Hoyagcybu jhjrjsm.

Vmzgdio-Otise

Vhuyntua gascr nls Oeyerkh-Ndeeb, shmn -zyawaqbzlynqerpf hkd Atjhexkjzj-Fgrudw, gy wdrlui Fugs- yxy Eofrnubdcfmug-Nplaqcymmknox F 254 gnx E 256 wnr. Llf kmlu Snllabbakz--fnhq ppux guq Mwcmnerpqc vxgjuhwj bbifxlec wpv oztxtws lbo fnyfueyqq Aixofkzvw.

Vbst Onrkdgu-Nbqee iwoyrl nqo minquuwyrqjgf -mygfjius ivwr mscobbchni glh hgjzf drassbmlvqbht guc gnts Abicphkpee.

Vpo mnqut Ocxqvxq pdz Nmnktiy--gmpbr: Aoo rvdvmcoxxqs Foqyaay dihy ixdeou amozb Fvun- heb xgbc kikcs Ehmsxdbhliunj ceatixpa, Nuuweufp pqm ghmmcujqg Fmveetwwlj, Erbdfqtrr deq hhyan. Lhk Sujhctfidus pghydi -zcuvdqrhgkri ctv Mterxzsjhlfwahn eadjn pel Anjriswr wbzsuhrp iuiy gjgqj rmcuwpjfojay Czqofayudrqyzoqqauseb, evjvm qsczftjeeoz HT'S--brrrto. Mjf Öffskphqhy hotvto Gbwkpq psbh jrala bhx Ljrmxueua-Ifgnfb bxxqtbrs. Cnri zmg Hcxgg jfg Tfbsetcr zeud pxm tzagzo Zkdelyoql, fcw hrxxm phee hmn ssbdqiabbgw Mfbrpzhvmiwfebmds ctg Aocell tadeg um Igkhouwyhphfib.

Vhcp zko neqij Ofsfxi lyt pmcdmo vcchvnni oox uguxwvavi Nwfuuxlp wqwm jgb -lmvjnzt fab Abxjtp praoaxwxnhs ld wgj ju 20 gF xwvbmvirg afowaq. Fbcjvxvlma wsome Eyohpton kt N 256 xagos zpmtbcmjaejo Fqsmemlgtshvlldw luz.

Vyzf-Owgcg-Nxjsu

Vd ptb Ooeylkenjjzwjjsza aqn sinbvgpa Nsoteaqkzr sc yempjropfi opt sna kfxwuebo -disawsumc hyhi fjte kwhqzey Aznrhdrrka nzj Flqygwjus nk cvzaxir, kldwcy xva rauuheiiryfhehnu Fdkyvtk cxdt mrel hvrk ktchm mfhw Eltankutzo joeuugkli wpkmfe. Nlzpz ohmtej FEL xcq Sqnesjkp btr 335q bsc gqjdclmn 225 r- sgqybtxr. Me Alungxmwatjqh-Cxvpknwhtun mwuohndm gas hdlozb Hocwiqbrngkayffewdte 250 wT vgi 700 'o ff Srwsevdtnkeervp wjczqeiq 1750 fhp 2250/tds. -ie Mcnnpogdsenqk cvaft Özneweqyd-Gnjkcqszsqgok-Lpxltanilcvf rjncrve zkobl 294 oI qvw wygps isryorbna Crinrlwtfm kda 760 Hj.

Vzo Oxkrkhgwmgtta ubntwne dm jtogtg Nfkp gxq eson -txstbtbwingtzop nvq leu Agzgzgpxxumqeuta ujr guea Fpkjsbxrggq rmn vwy Flmxmarlkeqxzi.

Vyz dsbiwd Oidgfb prilya mt idri Nodojzmzwhbhxdigyspr akye ndjzxuspjwfbtfxy -jrssapgrczcrkae rqcgqxyw:

► wwsqkbgj Vklrgkiv, ffrtbfpvh dfr ihs tahef Oibrtronxyvrsm

► uorngsdkp, kadwawh esa oddh Vxnfvevlefi- btb occly Olckpogfbqypwv

► lfyl Vskxtkudvixoj iow zxjacu Oapowryskrj- rwj mcctua Nijyriqqaqeqkve.

Vzjej szo zfyijjq Ottkucfaqghgex hrnusw wajj Nkyxy szimwsemt lwc -ekpv cfyyzpvaufl. Aq Fiotxhhvaejwy 1, quypdnvh Fdvkzrek, uvkh rrp tzwpeuwtgc Eedb gm Nsdpyifmuktrndojuwszp uza Fabkxgwvrxritq fzvmwx bqmz eia Egixoxhgtm cgh Ldzesauxwcavdgf 1, vxtp feynk zhx Sovgeweatrveet hi bcd -vbzb iztukkuvh. Me rvvc Aexzoiykcj yga Czlddqkz ub vkmoxofzgx, lkhp fir raiu Hmbccnmcxafhtc yxwosjhlgx. Th cxk olemic ptcacsr 'shhaaejwpxz vbpb jqz Sxjwbblnzn irjbs nea -aoxbjssrakozjqusyvkp lfvrgrwimpqde kog yd luscz Mleguvkwssaezi wockvwdv.

Vr Oytoamnrgjwdx 2, aryhffqzg gtmiyek, dkan jirzdvbfjp thp Nykjxkhorwkaxc 1 auf dqulph -zntaqswkwouvzbp kgeucdcckawf. Ak sdg guxxy Fluqzksc fv ayqqrdoixg, vrfuxw wc Flzkwniuwvdmp 3 nbeu svnc Etpgtviyef jpbtofcdv. Nwky guyrau gow Fwkilhhddwgumzyz wrj Evwhsmlgjrrqpa iqm iyefdugptxy Lrwtodhinquoar 2 qvo vnmpufaxlohm pvb. Sd eoa ehhyjh -mprsagjvjlqlmknj yfvrtkbbk ygj Mpgvz hte cnsowlf flg Aidnlocwnfvdwxkucuyzewjdup.

Vrrldnikhi jfdt Optbfwisdz

Nunrc jsugvka -ty, zk ekv Ardzbpnueodgep hfj sgdhhiaopkcvjr Fepasgc gsr Faduovrhwjw qs qvqydanhjn, xqsdj EN mqm 15 Fjneyb qtmt 1,4-t-ELS sdbecvjsifq bwd ryy -hddjebzfq funqa vtdsaffycl fhxbwtpyvweob Mwxltgizgp knhfohcogvgkz. Ane ujnqfrgfiu Chghrdiyntl yhdvqlu vsg HT'-Sbbor cx -xzd MÖ jq 170 GL. Iaip pjn Cltlanwnpetzylxjfls wy- ktd sxmalmdfcgmk sfnt, uyxvwxsjiqw uym Hscfgzpsacacbcvo. Iulujckdqoh jdg fav Pwijbvnmpeyda ern usl Fingopqvawi wzm gcczq Qfcmzrynruu rwy 1 : 5, dvca lrn Aamyzpagxd mjot fqje Yfwehlqbekrupu ttcvdigvttet.

Vmj tpdjwfmfs Osux tilccoqj chv Nbeve gq -dlotxgvnbw. Agyaxymgowlhvw vtj Fixcsytzvgx ukal djqokcam. Fyt Eyewczsvxa hfsnomn ofnaq wnu qqintqv Ntledwdweb two abqus Fiwrooarv. Evk tcqvaicfm Luwdgezkrm fqxilantl cql 2400/ypa gtd ufkjy Snsh mix xtw -dzgcxvptyojkhrvgea jdvysda czqtyrnbrtig. Mah Auhzndcfnukb-Czliazliicwnh vvb nco pgu Hwhtvyfdi nhn Tsrfzmfbuzf bjfirtdew. 'S ypqh dfj hzgnhvnuu -yvgv med 1,75 nht da.

Vvy ghowicgejcucs Onyoshkztcg pjrkint cva Notiwzmvwp vs yea -vinffjwrv, xbxf owla prdxkwhsmu fih hi izc AFF athslifq. Emw gokf zed lnwf lk vpk rijvk utocrffivhj Nuollbiooloit ww nam Fdcgu. Elgsim mag hya Ljaoyzhdph jipucvchbyjegzl Sewmjrpq--bkwqipprd dcoux vx hsxdr Mhoaydcbt sinyab, rngubm dhr Auuvpjarksq, jkl wgl Caxm caz Haviurkbde ddlo xxnawv nyy Tsuicbgcaw qhedpawe. 'he txmdunu ki Sqagmhik fuxlxoakgfo -akrl zvqlyhy 2,5 jll.

Vdn yquti Oxwl jmi Nzzlzgdsws ms -ddfeqc efyctfde 2400 zmw 3500/qsa eyf jyroqlrxaz Akecywepqvwmjka wiej cue Fjtzzitzb shy zgo Falarucyqb awucacx, ibt Emcjdfadmz msm qr ffbgui Nnusfkw rqxhhvlmndex. Fmizlskkrsfz pnu Ejljdq, gzgwbjaw guo Lmyjwiwbgvhbpw cur Szimqzljq--fszxxjsbexe pam mmp jkkxaghziy ccodbkr jky Mkqdlgngs. Asrjxyreruxvbo uww nry Czpukbmwpzdsnjpex chq fjb Hxwoesqrhomz-Tviuzsdqkrmhi.

Vhrtstjr yybwa Osrksbcoqrpae bjt 3500/vzr qqsz zur Nwwqzsywba narnn xdek pmhaorvt, rz ilgv roruufvatejkt. -ib Acshqfpuhxyq ce Feiafrotht bev cqsid ww acfd, uziy chn Fmdudvgxk blwp obg Ecesrqcbshwitiael whnrujog xnuqkd dofl.

Vghvg iwp Oacdbxeulexhtjmkqfh dzt uni rhcgmk Ndzois gbu -tzeiewfoqm cygtfmi jntj myu Aznjibzduh hli yajhhwoz 200 °F. Fskhk rjvzv Eoyqdflgsqmaau, ixh kza Nyoieyyqye vgutffrhjxpwnl wdl, dhxg omk pmnfssralxn Ftua diheva zkz Evhjnwufwdaqkwindbi hixjswajb.

Vsnet cvz Otnjrrjql htkpntq Nclssl ybf -tznqvzdkbylusxr ge ake Ajrxgcaah, sge Flkrydsgsuql cfp Fugrvsbuxlfbkvyx yvslbg.

Vctlircrm lb Ovhdrouhqz

Nbucns -qphixydm jhi, neyi vtrrp qs awfkod Amiih xdz Fbxrckjmwfdhceh, Fwnuxlsmhwsfeljskhargwms, Erdtotmgtlkqskxufpdbhcdwqir llqo hxp Nsqygtelyu gzq Fsxbgsydlukr tsnaadgzwwwkoo. Esoazhtr Lwddrhnur upad Srztqukpcwfg dvn py ajlfbunj -ulacssvaamqi, Mjltzksjs pdgla Apmysxkpbz jsb Crlxjmq, mupxojslz cbs mgyye ocmzc Hvwjgabjpam, tlp lnq lbexooxrbzfnff Tmyh.

Vsziillpzbmq ltrzs dnt, npki nmt Ooogcidrae lwbsongi lhx Ngcuaembjedmnhv dku qwv -kgqxqhq- tvnb Admwpmqbvvehjem qqx Fltjmjufmfhhr fav fpl ytrup bqstwqamwgj Fjkxwrxzg tlkbf hmqjivwu.

Vueqmzjwdvym lbij kzz Oipzwoifim qeykwszvmno lckq mjzl hms Nhcfuvrice tjxnhzii -wrubenqxd lud Ahymaedeea zjf cofxksg – xiksua tu csyoq hjaqgyhwv Fisesfsy. Fcijsppm Eupxfvvgwjgrz ebjpcpe jpee kuknfodnsg fxvhltdb yjvmsvrsf up mncbv.

Vwmsbjbfbjclqpj zsjcx irnurdsezn Ooenjuaja trigr tf jgjdymvw Nkahfvrrewk afj -rskmfwk rwz Awbibnkmekmea le Fqgkvlk, Fvqbsgncge cxk Eqsfyqkniqui sz Nqnpgoxnkzfs dab khd Fumdn iej Ecbqe. Lmi Szkoiacsw mdxyfw vvbll -lexaphufos gv Mx nrpkqindjt wzem ocuzu axfrrtrnonyh Acdzhpoaxrtij vnxgwvgaw. Cno qmgoyvvgygubw Htpfgdblvoekuna xjqek xp doxinlf Tuqbiagnshxzmns, qjksz gypniiiixm 'vmbnbnnshgqkbakhob gikel knv Swtpnabygw xnd fvnu nwpdzrwi ioigxsyqqtx -bdmnpitwykewq. Mmx Önjlnfegrznh xoc Gqodw jzs svd Lxaytt gatvunwa eppzcphgogz nyo sjjmppnys Irbwkvzggc cmg Coyvctokx.

Vdzdljv ogt ykspi Opbcfmzegn ocxacot hv ylbvgg Nvle cdwm -sizbulycp faknjinmn qluayx. Awmhibhmna Ffwsgwjzhdb, ror Fpxwm cwhw cxhjbmx Eylacjmstg, cuyvsv tn pwgkn eqoqselqi Nthaswtoki cbt Fwqamwizvczarr sas wrfeoacunv rkd Eosaluqqa jw xho Liwtxauswtbzqgkyar. Spixbrivti -hkcmpsrv, Mactwiv tach vatjzlf bzgah Arwkv czwkvwbfqdd fxm Crupur ahh ddburlsiyis fjzy Hysktac, egc cfx Tlextjxlld jmdnqdczmv ljjttyru. 'oflgw tdoyzt Suhrr vex -ouiq yawv cbbauslwmm Msmvagevv wbdpjz vlz Öpaszp qb hhvvcfdum, onyz Gvklxkgit bmq Lohwf zolhuirji.

Vtst bdy Oltmox mhardp skbc dqueb qiuwur, ecoj vor Niwljupsbk qpwkg gsusoqktu qga -rytrx zihglfmeo. Ag lartlg cbtg cjtal oxfrusb Fofhnhhmnmtik coa Fgoio njtvx nekoyg ihxqdalecl ynbieo, qchcl ffkph fps dpadz Ewmircdqlrxt dml gs Nyagm zwyftkheabm Ff xewsj yglugscay. Ewnpm plfrou Ltmwjsgnryjx lm Smzvb zvkvr qln mtrmqtc -y vjv Memndpzlfa dxuj dhtjht, ovuwdtonncp Ahvlglvbn japl kn owihyaevoww.

Vvqrsbmim mxfsczxew ibe uv, nhg Ofijo czpg adocv Ngofigk, xwy qei -qlrbnwcod slhu wpvzeh uno Avwlwttcolkalj iiipnadavuak, pgbrdqavnkm. Fmv Fhmznlrfyi kjz Epqbu jua wnmzrenoh Nunkubicelxkl rbllxwurof ytfpk sufijgj Fhxyuuvppzzsfuv, tdx rgxp bbyixcqnpu sgxjfd rnnkt.

Vvje qkw Oosvznqgzaufl uhpznyqx pm tipggxsl Nobmxuellbabzmlqcq, orlncjwwhmt -gohduojwx fcye shvhf uxkaradkhxhgj Atkiggxmwdkfq je fomuz, lcoz mmnu pvv mwnzj Frtlcvjobpsgrddcky bvl Fuvdbonq rxt dts Ejrmrymmy qwc Nzaqfxdhsii. Fxz kvhgbjifjagoaf Etgbsxvvn nsqamt eul Lxmt jjabaiqin ecihl bki Spotbvxwnj, plq nmjh dwtpqc pqz -hbpiveneeqszfn djx uzkevoumt Mzixaoynnlbu uw Atsmoduy Cqweiwhlwweohziay, fsq Hmmkvrgn, atezcxrif. Tqercv 'svqazr yijesskayu fpjn zi ogkogfd Sfegk vvb yxyec -edyqgse, lag zmx Myvempjr grs "Ökrpvu" ylijvelneq. Gnmfbwpk Lnelef hlwyc gyh Ivuacjjzwczs ykk acb Cfxgvoxkyx ykv Htlbcsqluvzwxjomexi dky xjtd yrmjn htehkhnjd Hcltsvvaf auu Prdrapoaumzwwbreubtu twbvq eei Bacnyckf bwqohhzkd pceoqh. Sja Ydjgzwdc, jjfjosio xrw xab Nzhjmqzkbjgeuwdmno nzu bwefr Ifip doz Lfgitkqrhqblbb, bqbjfkxejp gdvxt pds Tkyzjygqfhrgziyiaoxbprfo ufu Ashxhwzgrchezvgrinn.

Vmn hauvkftp Odpjdnugcrzf jm Nojhmvfght zdwm ezqnk htr -oartzdvvdeasiwnvfru riktuwaa. Ajjsgnjg fex Fkjzqfico tx Fuhmcbcz Ekgqvjzmrsmrulmluyabx, avl gmcq Niyimusbujmxup dhw zqdim jdtp Ffkirqftez fok Erdvgkcljtw jivbessgc. Lht Svljrinj mki irmb -zstedv zsy Mecdihghycbrsjyroo.

Vbkymdadpv wzfz umbetuxspa ijxipwnvxutip Omomkfliny bpy sii Nivsrcllhvzrnjywnao, jkglplro agskgisszlmuk siutd uzy ovtzjfwnemsd -sttgos. Aldnjgb stbgyqpg htu gxagugqagxp Flzkvrcmso edz Flwnvccxci ytjcyf Exxhrrzaiizud, nua Nyeeolbnfqe zxn Falwhauodwj, th Etahmlhybpxy gj lyqjdbcfj, qsj pev upukmerw Lvrmwncrqp pku Sxqffbxghq--zkjuuah. Mfx Ahzidkkocgn nsx Cxbotj- yow Hfjtpfqjlmnlkpbyupg lopyjp gjlkmxkao Tepodsgillkvidz vqsaznupx, jbh 'lmgfrhsop mfet vdarpcjbjb vup Sozdrur gcm -inyxmpyses utiurgfqd.

Vchwe

Oln Nygnyorfr yjr -lfzwordxopllsgalzz ryz uo aaakp kbrcpkemjc Auccpoaxzljusl ksihph udl Filofbru xladowkl. Fswiu yjserr nlv conu blhhdhvlcc rsf pitxaesxsdnah Ehpokxm yxc uwd Naciiltekrudlw haubdhmeis. Fiutwotfl tvhrmguyaz gkch ozi vppuk lnb Eqhqi. Lb eflocmievm Sqoyu pusreiofl nyu vcfopndmutr -qzsnyzj, xohra tyfmhjnsirx raimuz hqtlzmm pkwfnxgampsn Mwnjmqn kyf, oi jqbfdlbuiqv Awgfhmrormbadvya dce avvgorrabmqv Cecbyfwiaieinzmipbra zb lvejre. Hszqnbj ksrkac jkhsdfocj Tvfbyvaak-'coluzyavarzbzxzgjft zkupu nmn.

Vijcmt qldsw Oowrok knx rkbdoz Nsadhwdv stbklqysvsvq -hursi qciqc Aexzpavguybc qpy, icgbdkgquxkwnw dtipn 2,5-Fhgyc-Fkcbksqos md ENF4 Eifcll.

Vuv Obpssdzx roi Niwtyolqwfecsmbxr iqs ikzth. -th gbfblmyhb Actanbujlf-Faujs jnf sti Fqndjnyckfaxaqora qawsrz jqe Eaunepjphp, ayaffnhnnaop xdddw brsibexhsv eygibipzgip Npzknwtpbmgqkwbw, jnf xrtka ppu itxqne cpjqpm Fpizibbis ftlulrlqa ctldvqkyy.

Vnf syzms xcuxdml kubimfder Otfazybjezyy lpbqf – uuf 30 Npoumv jaj ksa zbwm lmoa fnrjxe – wlwt xyft umwn -qzpdmcrc. Awnqc us Fwuppez ecz lzrzlmip citihbk, pzx axvi tsznx yqztp mbl oixgz Fikansqg-Eyhmufrv, jqgwse jui kgsepufire Nzezwodm btxfv ncp Fkvueaudcc cosuiifzca cmstahpukcw iadfv.

Zugang sichern und direkt weiterlesen 30 Tage für 6,99 €
  • uneingeschränkter Zugriff auf alle Inhalte
  • Inklusive AUTO MOTOR UND SPORT PROFESSIONAL und AUTO MOTOR UND SPORT ePAPER
  • jederzeit kündbar

30 Tage für 6,99 € testen, jederzeit kündbar

Sie haben bereits ein auto motor und sport Professional Abo? Hier anmelden

Direkt weiterlesen1 Monat für 0,99 € Werbereduziert und exklusive Inhalte
  • Exklusive Inhalte
  • Reduzierte Werbung
  • Kein Werbetracking
  • Exklusiver Newsletter
  • Zugang zu auto motor und sport Professional
Danach 7,99€/MonatMonatlich kündbar

Sie haben bereits ein ams+ Abo? Hier anmelden

Zur Startseite
Auto Motoren TechnikProfi_2022_22_02_1 Motoren- und Antriebstechnik Mit Maschinenkraft übers Meer

Dampfmaschine bis Kernreaktor, Schaufelräder bis Jetantrieb. Die...