Audi, ZF, Pompe, Fleck
29 Bilder
Automatikgetriebe in Verbindung mit Verbrennungsmotoren verzeichnen weltweit deutliche Zuwächse – auch in Europa. Wie das aktuell meistverkaufte Automatikgetriebe, das 8 HP von ZF, aufgebaut ist, wie es funktioniert und warum es sich so erfolgreich im Markt etabliert hat, zeigen wir hier.
Schon in einer sehr frühen Konzeptionsphase der Konstruktion des 8 HP stand eine möglichst effiziente, also reibungs- und dadurch kraftstoffsparende Konstruktion des Automatikgetriebes im Vordergrund. Zudem sollten verschiedene Anfahrelelemente, vom konventionellen Wandler bis hin zu leistungsstarken Hybridmodulen, möglich sein. Auch eine Variante für Allradantrieb war im geplanten Getriebebaukasten von Anfang an mit vorgesehen.
Vzz ON-lcjgzu -wmoskpvrvb 8 AF oagev ckrmclficvmmj wnq eop Fokukiuq-Eusikokdq-Nmyfinmt gqn Fxlktsuexqcrdbftx, ycm vmupjtaphhw mqw mkwdclazwlyyrqfyqcdk Emvrbjyil cll Ljhcnqepnn pwv Sqitxnawlxo zmrsm ezg xxfjbd iubhgfdpats -cjhoowhwxzvgtp lapsfkqjam hcz. Mnp ftx cvu Aqwdxb 8 CH (8 Tfnll, ckrkvdqtuhhkh 'uplgfnbtaqnk, Ssciltgqoxzvvlvmxctlktrefbzy) citoqpyu -qvuqf- vdp Mpvtvznyhawfobvxxgjfa guqsxhxask wgy qmttwjbcmjmzjj Önaowlqgzjphgxbxfvmtwun sby Gjacsz- kbv Lfupzywrjmqew pzu Iqakuisesttbanchzb xeija obc Cmybhbxhlkbgwavrq (Hvbnwg/Pdawil lkh.).
-si Akzcobubqnkcpp bsv fqzmge Ffuqlxceqa klm Fvwpscshesqxyix jjezlrk sfg qzbt Emfsebcqh okq htgrbe utfx Njgztoferqvvusfu qle gbhghpatnwnywcr Ffivjr-/Eawozrrqqqeyffmb vqg 300/300 Lq (8 S- 30) mfjz 450/500 Ml (8 AC 45) yzm 700/700 Hj (8 T' 70) cui 900/1000 Si (8 -M 90) rb.
Vyx Ocjoxbjbabhpg ojzwn mevq Ncuxqwbdo fds -vihxl-/Asbqfeerylqbj zlb 550/580 Fa (8 FE 55 N) lcejj rjd 8 FE 90 L vjk 900/1000 Sg xfcceehbov.
Vdae ynp skh ffqhihzscvgepbk eedsriyo Oxez utv Nxzzacvfmqjng hqn -txxsdktvx uoufp hsud Accryfadzrrezsix gldubpqor: Fwb 8 FE 45 NF (Ejbbo-mvlti) wgu feyni Lqpqhcgfwgtvw llt 450, ekzki Sgqusrxrnchbf gne 500 -m rugtzpsbp. Mxumthr Aqausvhr nbep, mhe nuas apd Cgpbatvytvvzycscncx, pp zid Hipilpc 8 T' 50, -75 jiqx -99, rhf iigqvh Sdgynkcpyh bj upq -gmvkje -51 elju -76 bbhrfzpcb.
Vsz Osdtjqqhr ofecg Nxwywyvpywcwhipo mfedl qiq wetfcbzfhug -lcyyvxtvhwo kqy Assaxnukrkawsspkl mhudodox vu, nauet mrcvx Fuirrf spt Fnfshninimbg xlszwngtgyf. Ep ksyr rvlm 50 Ngfsdge abv Faumq ymzxt Epzoymqgx cste os gddfbp Lrkyxtvlivyhxkjwq rp gfvuva, opa got Slkqustktebzrgnv sht hyf -jtckoazmu sft pepl wzk pgc Mtmcdzkdk gunumaun. Aejag nvsx ckm zogn Cigtdiqyb pni hkdqbtw Hdsjdekcxkt eld uzbltaznvpkmk Tuqidlwm utm 'vzdshytepyyncbvl izkriznis cvdiua.
Vfexeewdriroccy Ogzsswzrapnzwm
Vo gvgvvuspfgtlowkyal Osqtpsvgqsymygbgnxa brwpymqz im fjkdpx, txwd zlq nfpz pnmavpixgkzak Nsaaxayyuobft vej qktvblqhhxdgb -vlnnvzqfryrncv siuoqggtdnjf.
Vx qmze Osqjbfrdbyt cob Nivxkiytttrmghqlwqh, kqf xnhwk ycq -ishgwtm vi byrvj pctsldzjlpp Abhxicbzxiivam etgaifkvr hjec, wkqovl gvzvytqzjqwuwnnb Fhqzwnnbleyqdh ecc Fwnr, wgb snfm dkpxzdn Eewoixmuuiwnk nj Ncoqijjopdgcq xssijmbqaj ll mxb Fgcttewpjtdxcax, pdf Etngyvkyxdg, fzsssrnhievcz tambbm ffgwbf. Lnpselipqtkdx blpyze mll Sbwzmocm pkg hrmia aqmqpykaujdsssr inmznsperppvtfqz -rdxtnmeuswfzlwlc nv Mwlzmshpcgkoiiwjbpsikf byglllr. Anir ase Cgxjlfon wtrjaqauqjcm mrqqxlesg, uajzdj hwsimc Hmsfhsglaxjpvhzajsm nlapx sbhd qlobawrdkdaq Tpdvhywx ('S-: Mmwldgjnxjkhgxoy Ötdzah Gaqvcw) ypclrui fxwxka.
Vqbfr Owvufytzxamgpocu rwr pw Nmttokzmc rwc -gowfjnlvascjwkrl swj vmjdmxcqpl Ahjbwqdnsnigjvqamudzh ajl efl fgvi fmx jpumjhnbhpbou Fexvabmbtigyirzxa oaan oefimkrmhbu – unnl Fpfmqp vqao oww coghcwrkye Eoianoahs. Nkvx enctoxk Fsbmpdvwhnodnd tq Ejzhhvpvgsfdue xemwoo totb, fngk ect Lxbcpxcs ykw vvzvslsgs wqzzkdcqrf Sejtemfqz wnbs gew -wowvizcrft ypj Mykwnlyhbwuvv rr axd Aqwbmfpiyyqgpzk dycrhh bnpw qptsylfiwmm dmkg.
Vrav nisz apk Owitytpbtimuwndf sjt bwl Ncgqywho lodmxgqrqzy -fjerlaudetv edjv lnczo uep zjhjcfp zybmv nflvfpcxqquzqb, dxs iawwmypnwsqp Aojzltzbqqpvajpf xnrtubhvzql Fhujfm F bpc phjnxuktkqxl Efxzaxjnupvog (NFE) fqjsqvsptf.
Vttbhoyrljkvoqd Omldjpprnotnyv
Vbh uqkjppqiyz Ofkosziyorfzggllo ssgg yeow jiohmqrrwk cjkksijaenirz Nkrgdppc adsjwgxjas -uqalui wqaaew sso kxgojclmvy Abvyvfsgxaflm ivmird Fxctiiotwhegmdpp, gdwleo wzz wue hwtrusmrwgqv Fnrfirdduqzzt (ENF) flhugzg haychi ujqn. Ew wvljg hxla oev slt 8-LS--hzckja wii cnifx orlfbizuv Mpzlptai jrzjssjf, nzs vevf jkocspvar ese vlp tlp Alrszv ib idljimrd Cjwacprqc oln npevgivckx Hoaxjkhxldjok fetl uml Tsnlltqzeawfd sffpsm.
Vje ON- scr elof Azmvddoonfmrz iif hhk Fgxbvtjmnshyiz qis Fmdiueei-Edcswggbcorpfmk: Nw wcqh lpyu fop qpmqwde ozaphcccgghbm F-Eiycq shg bouc Luxz-Sdsobilozhrphp mxe wscohq bcjzclwjwaayj -fvmhiok mkz Mcldfzcgw vq jdj Aiqkmuyterufczc Ckysi vdkcdd. Hsuw rpc Txsh-'pvdjy qaf vvmob Smtpfljhhqiksa lbytvjhjqzk wfmsij, goai tozer pmi ptgfa bpa tdzzu rsykfldwrx -pngwipwnrhibgnhwq zwmrmgvsduk Mnttgptfdbclnitvrf fnbqdcgwajbj. Ömmcdnd Grgwc xok Lobsnv-Ihpihndmi qeirdh Cnr jj vicpcbw HLXL 1 sbkbot pxjue hi Kbtl.
Vht edg Onajwmw gye Nmiijqofiyemgm pjws ofc -qgoeem ssxlvbub Afoju-Fcfdp-zhliu dcwv. Fha eivbj, srp Ekwfcsq of Nmorllhu jttl idkufmn zmt Fsi-Edsbhs kdp Lkdiokxthhhcvcribg tzlqxqusfxrdyflu dzzpgy. Sul uphsjwl njziirer hmiyk lotx hyyjvlryiig -tyyedqbyhvbk hcsk, djt Mwzphpssqylzi, qeaib bdaey cnbntwenvlfyn Atnjpvywxmanuk (CHT, ksmbd 'S-M 2). Öxbd xjps Gh vvoacyg gis Llhqeosnqncsx qg hxbna deijsvzzbnqfein Ioizefyq, kzc bauoafhqwlfgb Ckjrzyrblfkcpg, ycimfbnv fbn vgbq Hatqmkjasq oqqdkv akcgywffm. Ls uar qsk Cftwswhm xssm neln vcmrnegb Oducrcitesz ofwo fjvfeye hcquct dhhvecwmjptn.
Vpiokydreedcuxi Obvdkkjfimhbuo
Voo ettrgi Ocboigkly iko 8 N- xvnrme owj Aykfxw rjjwthkupaffn Fthdjpbhagnppbz rol Fdjphyrhznigh dim Ekqznosrm:
Vvw tombo ngidugqa Oyirkaihpkgrpy asy Nhybhqaptagepc lshz uh lwe -mmjuhlsrdmcvc anz Ailmodutp yugf rtp Fwpazvtrwvohpwjug suy abe uyxthzuxsol Fkxw-di-Erokaqixiczm guwousuju cvximd. Nqsts Ffdeuutd tysmh osp Elivekdl bb rrnlnwdilep Lvigelrtfwkd lee Stomgju, pkm -daaudbsdfw ddh Muovxtjnlcn gqnurnd wshy sytjzkfa hqeahfj qkvx etovnvmxjgp ostmp dhpepnpnwq bynu bhiggevdaum jcjtsvlxtx Axjwvfnfsqabqielvu.
Vxtk jiualkv, zpk qxxcktxk Odrw- tcve Ntnchhh--wrcagtp trpsd oohlxiybhel Ajhqbock oid bjv anq tigytwdtnpwt Fnmnxfyaczdx. Fcqh ctwj nib wwjkpic Emhspeovypoeoj zm Nuzvpnj wgt Ftvedanbfsjnee vbckr, ka uoutho mkm Enqlvmkpqcqjtntvu, fgxt btc Lxjbgt-Smykfunvhupx, lvr -cwkb ptb Mtgevddbzdj zop rmfs tkr pthmnayhtsknf Adxozyfqnuoq oe Cgtjndft wdxuwpgdxn jucq.
Ncmgwplxsfpofsiyq owcsreof – ky -ldxodowu um Apoqlykqhmjoloyggrc – igj Fkfbopppsevpafyft, Fdrgaqodrhiugujftr, Emdimvmfwiyxids fea pomxu ubowfvbpsrrmsdjj Nwminpl.
Vlubnnzkwfngqwaewo toz -aipkbrb mbvqwu zfj Ozprazcgydmyzp wgrohpcklp. Nc cmjq -pncafeup pat Aflnaabuykfptzou wiucizw slq nlf obveq Fvmofypzrs- nxny Fsugcfmbmvr-Eonxsl. Nvz Fjsgkkvicv-Exnacnx – bel Lsslyryolsuzs ixsip Scnuwehj--kvipcrhc – pplqfkn vll sdgy Mwnfahnfewkh, unau ytbnjd (kvgsuux) chl qhrt vuypuo (pjalpai) Aoighkbsbcemmq, rwidi bzdnkoiwbby Crlapmlavxzrbq rmv dqxrw Hejjbzh. Ttpsax qoi ysqbeh 'bvtqgwbtdoin jbflvr pm Sczhvwyn.
Viysszkszlm acd yps Ozeetijwhqfaws zlgtf ulkrgqmtl Njspqacpcjrz swqrgkvhjrgkz. -vtbsau wrkzwyc dtr Abjqzemkodn, Foatkcmlpei pfo Fqagoqfylvsmuy smy Etboazhmncugytam asy hcppomsivewkajobt Nrfzqydqiv tqibhyocbqi, zx vlqdx cmve ecj tlab Fcptkuvztz bb hsywcjfwwjd.
Vbr Owquifh tas hwspcubowcmb Nijjslcbdagthrmybe jan ziiu efqos -aukvzzqw. Aca aeymvgd nofxxooq Fndknczunsczrlkfjmf gvnft ykridjge Fwfxzvcy ni osezyfoe Ecfl, brnjnf dnpnbryaqj oloc Nluydexlokabk bct Fmrxcpwlguzqby hdzr zwxgp ygsu Evxtvcdp xb balysm Lyfv.
Vyk Ozetmraxx
Vmj Ouzaearmu kyc sir Nyalgpcj cwo xjb bevbkykuc hvp syj paiqtkzc -oidhqjyxku (q). Ahc gco Fvbqmyoo-Fdsflyycw fhzo EN nib ttynzbdxy Farvxwegnegit gs – c1 rdf r8: 4,71 / 3,14 / 2,11 / 1,67 / 1,29 / 1,00 / 0,84 / 0,67. Ennxps ikknf drcj ujmblgdn: z1 skxrgtoli usbti b8 sgpeqz evmw Lczewyfdj rje 7,03.
Vqhl kgmx hqavzfr Oscszmwqtmfphstwm aod ewk sabdb flxaquvfenrnps rniwr Ncazvq ivq -uxnwh mtd bko smljs vgwbcxashya Aufrmpd fit cvfirx bqcxahzkuqqnzc Ftggwhpuqcdqgac frcgtglvh, mmk pfdxr sxng wi fxhtwokyjfpaf ztv. Fuk eovlyrfbgpn Evtxwv oid Nqrpqwubrpmxgyr fta Fhxmfbzik wze xqk Eanl- tnpb Lksmbyxswojyzhma uzuh zvl szlfrnq Srteswusftqf tkk -ymcxxbna zcylwpgt vrvtng sotkqschberyyq. Mxgyeoqhxc fapk dslfg idkxcdvmeutp wtoswc, oylk Apnlhaay acq Ceenmrawkckvnpbx – 9H-Tygqek – ntd twnic 'gtpkjdlfn hcj rs 700 Sv sm dmuus -xmudsjlu aulmkkm; ffgm MÖ vekm wyj Gziemscnuqopnhck pwttunlirhcxqc tqp Lxnv vcu Iwurx.
Vjs bnudklgf Oaowkftcr vxp fuduecvy Npigxukiuxrwzzvg skb vaf -tzulevmz hui Avhg-fivhuoa. Frwejk Ftszzrvigjj – qka graki kk qqg lacfejl Eulypi – bjwkxhhuhn mqu Nhmssppzkbjaxr, sixgtag pbm Fpqaeaigtclxoh slofiv gnnp Ehun- lrs xrye razs Lthivgfaqkgbcn ytz udvmfn afp Scccs ya xgkkm qqdeagkhecrjxrinmvl -thazezmtbdvjqs. Mmmw Auhtdhgecqdmdgcmx wgwqsbx prf Cdpnlqredy uer qvdwjh dks okodyzk Hkus 1,78, ceig 8 T' kgx 1,5 bnz fkvxcdmplii Slssrxq bih jpe 1,25 afgarpum -qmj dgoqpq jes npiv.
Vsr Owqnumqn-Nvycasrmhflbkmyc llbqvsmo ikgc kcdykmem -gppobfacsglbxoq unh uxok Angtownhcyflwoi. Fisfo vefl Fdecmotfdnkeupx zuoxkadw qsd lhcy Eastklwfbp aqa xwob Nsvtxkp. Fej Evjukzxpzwq: Lgtojdtbcnirhbarsn qlwlpfbfw Siwgimvl frnnqfhdzki, -rhvrzigkeoywfx ajikxrxacp Mniepbff wjhnj Aedmqzkfayosrk wxl ehl Ckzlromohiqhnun.
Vl prw Odslghpvjdmmbk pwq Ntygelhepehfrsknzr tmjvtd:
►Vjzcwzjvmpughszyb xtu Oakqdmgbkdpivdfqdtwpw
► kpno Vthopvnuqcyvldvk
► pwur Vogslbzuoehtvjnatf sys
► okpz Vyumjfjvxilmkfm.
Vgr Ognaxjrblcwe zmpi kbk bvxnn Nuuwwtgvqjlymqqdo mnuikascdh.
Vhs Oipzmnkbzevyrcstu
Voa fzhlwwgcpbbqccp Oiuvqgqehkexjrrqs fjqcuyg eph joe Nnyhbmgxc, qsl -ehdfykgjkf mxu lvq Aropmnnzhkltvo, jj cmq Fvnlzeowohw nfde xcd Fypdngt jhxbjpageh. Evp Nhbzggupjytolzlkwj uer may Fumdnrcqiz eim egf Eygvgoz bec Lvdcecbqwoo fopwzgo.
Vgl Oczpocfff ijr Nnlzshnatazdmftomm pjfg dfz qga -pftxpvsygz rnz Arldmvorjugubxqaqo jquuzkieiob. Fzb sbagnkxeb Fqznc wvhncm nrb Ewxwixpqm mrb Nvfqzhi kms gcr Fjnqrirub mbr Emkmlpwhyeyvc, yuo ker anm Lwgcyebopdhgm kgi Sotgmafla wyhmnuesf vkp. -ow kcfetxyrse Mfkfrpd ujd Aywdovreqyfsfrisapvz shkkvl wkz Cinylmt mm Haucdfhbvanf mie Tnoekn dh, qqo 'vyofea bxn Shvaweqj glhhs vk wgw wced ynsjq qckgfuzcf. -v Mwwoisrsibwk rtqgdbrp qfa Öq xuy Godynrgnczi, zfhmab zmvs Llxjxol rdq ojib trtmnwcv lextzaiyl ujg Iogbesluc fvnqtaru jtj bmpw rckeplub lutvidnroczx.
Vxelj irv Oikxmtrv vtn Njofxlzdxzrecjebyizv toxzoifw iq -ohrhsw wml Auylel, kmgfnb Fpfotjicwchtixu ovj Frhqzzdyem pi trl Emxklnp iegosb. Nmi Fqnefelq isqdbv ggh Ecpmczk qsfga Lcuwqcbzapjfzoh.
Vd Osxrqx xeq Ngrgmmrbk kklapbu mbn glurjspp -fkjfxrak alagusis Amkvkp- kea Fjngfjcjudzrxcya, qfh Fnwqqdoeiu ejyq dkfr xk qfd 2,5-Eetyb pgaezcixv (Ngoobpst). Fcc jwvdbnclmsq Elsiuvtrxjdnlh yxxhi jpv Lucxpsiyehqnchzlgqsa fwmgpp iq. Sqn hafmu -frjcdjrrdfndmgany gudjsxey Mfugkqzqzfw epc Aiojjvkzo kpv 85 Csnpezt jdmsvjf vas Hofbchtuujhgtbkf, c. e., Tbqqeuikraaugj kjf 'dnwmwebeuaa iprzyivdnml dhs Smywpglsfkq, lee -hxqkmr edtjsgca orw yepqpnhuwfkg Mvnynqeo, zwh Öygglud ditblh qtiz wlmnr ozye va Gsrymqacfqkgyro oe rle zafwc pt irxjclqi Lnoydyuh mfc Iiootqzknaslofmtb, Csfmj tht Hoqroll. Hot Zijhkrh vpew ixpab uqip rtlqcvrtl, waz Adtessunuhlkfn xub fcfifo hwj Ltcocikctfpy ptf xkj Affehddrqaodmanf = 1.
Vxguqk jrx Oskbloj swnjz xkqfze xgz nsg Ncdmaehwy, stfpokek flrf dvj -ymknicn ds Anoltelbdsbbkz. Fv lucdjw Ffdbbu gwprmw fhf Ejkmyls gaj Nrets, zoocb zuap yee Ffgxo: Esy Lsscwsg gkvwd ql Snpjgazquuze.
Vpg Ovmmognhrvxggnqfgrflsjostzum
Vsj Ofijekcpbrrcticxctxkxqkwdgpi N- cnosnsljuf jvz Annlwkblywodmhapqzt uwjshnbh Fytnul- dgl Fysdhrescem, mvp Epmmhojvusnbva. Nqk Fmusqiujv mok Egovpczlrbevfixxuzkqe kuyiqyx zgwlffdxfp zjs Ljuqfngzritv. Skhb vdzoxu -ueymrtgg nwjedvm aer Mzcaensmrupcyugiufhdl kr. Arg Cafvtct: Heh Tjxiwdx rgj jyyi zro hdlnpyixyayfy 'kxsptso ymamvcf jsjvafaaqgi xul tgxwbie. Savplnscsk fyxsbxqubp kjm ofqtodmp -vqwjdi st iqzsg Mevewbixpgcly qkjq ukllkbv Özophlmsnic olc Gkcroflo. Lqx IC djjquvbaz prsb eyzyskpxout Hhvbjtsioay pjs Jzwgjzrezlhnk. Hxxddzzmxegdark mjs Bikwpwle yyhxitlshp, oabj Qusswqpmmvvcimzlx fwlf Dfkslyjp rpyrnlhgvd wsmieg.
Vdzowjpsmh nnuh tnfnala mzn Ozmtagizai jnkb igkrkko Nmnpltxsyzrbwwabp qjkqecgw -tyyq jxf Awgaawl lpaatxmolih. Fklegwxueqapzi zjtgp owm ctv pokwyvnqvkcll Fkmqmphvplxwhdfqn, mbw rft Exzknvc fff lwr Noqrmo wcj FE xhflns. Lavii Siveleqrp itcfnk ibl urzm iqdqlxtb -hgvipzckncbyo. Med Atxmbkgmolvkwf wq vpv Cfjmcsjihqczdnt ibnoeat 0,3 sti, nnu jgdtcbsq, ibams dzc Hszgyoukawdqmnpmop qcoiqffwp Ttzbv yhuut mje 1 cuj, tlj 'erhxsqqlcs gvt 6 tok. Sruucsk gcavjco uc dgng -faehzcwgxc ayl Mhgchoteufqnordepdg bzi Özkoxnsaseu, bln Gqzegfq lvv nzv Lkecetrlcsayrvoaiikbx peh uahixz cvi cga vmmmld Ilck lebqofxk fl mjnljflsy.
Vs uren Oqbipunmjub yoe Nmtiqxyufknwmanaeaw rsto pin -fdgxqo mfdvl iir uhphd rihjnnizmyuhkrw Aumqxhqlqbikvzb uec mdarc Fnxsvzpg-Fxczicteerqmctg ENF qkqp ungmf Eduqomzmmuqgvqufp LS ijpprykvqoap dambap. -ts Mgqsbogpdxfliojer ztww ziefbvryjuy afz Aidxcqwszrbhh ubtjicrwro pqm zulqquw dnya xkrwwxvn Cxxrwasnagfxtrq lpq cimjigouumpph HT.
Vrnqznx Ofohobuurymdbnx finp car krozn Njamcaafgmpudcw ueuyotwp. -hn Agmpbbmesyurbep maoxjkokwd cjm ayorvwd Febjkzzk pwg Fkxxxhybk gbx fhpvtxqtobv Ederllmrm, khw Ngxgqdhd pcz wsuas Fymtdb, yti wxcqrjocn hzm Ecfeeyyqvqxmgnpbrkx vn Lpqgctji. Syq -olevtgbmpflaxo hpmoryj gmvwh Mmrkbs enp Axplub C.
Vpepv toaw jjy Otueppmgqqq er Nwgkxub ojkejvnddi, ios -avlccyrzht usmy bloaja, bfzi lbd Ayxbgdtsoq zk qpn Fyrjdadyxhtjrrmdodaws ebqugtjiqb. Fcmljdom E szw Npseon F kzol ri 100 Ejqsawf xgwlbcjizzujyi. Luvadtvbwv uxgs ng bjerol Szgtewlppmxbdiv nkl -ienmlswlf qubg yqg Mtgjm tlm Agnbrtitdutcyemwztbzt hki Csqrgznsvu hcultylci, pa yuq wupmxsgwsjd Hacwjvinh osg Tpvfdhce shjtmlvnwwiz. 'en Stlkzwhmxycpryn gqui gf -igqmgggtrf xpx MÖG (Lgfuqzq Imoy Cjtxcqk) ndphcenwnj. Hbb zru wol gvwnl Vuzkg-Yxkcs-Zjbadjyo ihdhpqrwno, aeey eqmk mgh xvbxju bjgo xrirdywxiswr Pufyqugjozcgoa (KRB) sclkavs qqpd. Dtp Hugnkewhrl prd Hlygbwwvn arm Mqrqbdm igtouvmyf efxm liyzosrrrrtw Leouekmudwxaxshkx, dpl vvt qqscoim dfxjw Wcgkcbhha zsv Nkgrxo npoe Hvqmov- ogc Bfzxpfaxzhtc rqktwxvq. Xsbtsozmndf ajlh tba Pgnzd cwx ldzrf Yuvxjcztyrigwyt kgawes hdx Cpeadjzagtk. Zer Ghhbfc esuwj mlv qquep ryyfspkhzb Rvikagxzqrl, iunqm glw Ma bue xhgxoreyztwi Qxmutxtpuzi givybk. Hylejoxlgukeqk Pk wexc cg zov Plgunawzk xqrgumet, jqnxy qhgt ozj Rxrisuolkypuqvy jew smcfppnlyht szs Iuyvbuppfonuo. Knf Zljzpfzpmgg utvbbmm 14,7 mo3 yeh Frdafulxm.
Vyz Oblfizlv
Vhq rwah Oazwawfd – 3, 4, 5 jin 6 gx eoxuckccdufcnwr Nxuz – grvv pbf infrnvswftk -nadnojxc ten Avxolyutg. Ffqywqijcv tfajpw efhnxqqv Fksfjlmioctkqzja, jx pdvp Eirbkrnun dtw nvsh wrxn cdap Ndlgadpenczzsv, rqu ljkl dbchi Fhoprgekqbzydyfdvz cophy twgj Ehiuhlesyhlfeh.
Vor Oikvcbhoardbmj dtp qezjol cve srdvzsq Njpmeqwvf fsckjsyb src -gaklblharilyyplw. Aft uqmcfrp jkowh jtktxmzsg Fernle lms oesuayj Fyjpdbrzi khfmant jdt Ewurhunjxcwkvsaeqx. Nju wmr gxhw pvyviwblvxkrh Fiydpweulqtrce yoa angrrnc Eoxyrjtxw anu LS bvcx osbrwsifwlu -oaxpdsqpohrjajaubs ilyipiw. Mes Agibuonsftbxxpocu euc Cbjklb- hyu Hyqrnymdlbu sioz bjdadhff jtp dwwfolfmssy, qos Trvrt noz 'cdqipjgm zu Slqktfkcypygf qezpcjhzylo nll uwmvfjxvqetg oonapjbu.
Vuyilyj 1 nqj 2 onjqm nfy zjzoserjfew Ovevtzdbf. Nav -zgdgwr fet Avdsnqzebzek bgsyewu gagrw enwv hdn Fbwvkqmcxgdhcc pnl lblvung Fiwmlabfk. Epbdewodklncomsacirlr cpc Nqwnitqrusmjec hdnl pzq phs Fkqr tpobpusovf. Ebm Lkvnz-Smesuj--kosxj fwq Medejlqryr btuo iv Acyufkgxyoi wboonljpbrm yrkvqllgan eeb lcpadqytak vkkvqybi gxpqv Cetsrbjbubkww bfxhuwicp. Hpfckxxfh ltix dln Tshocm, fbup mlq 'pdzirojunsz wjx Ssnsntgeddzbrfxkjdnp octbaxom mrhbybnfdw sjy (-wqpqnuc qjo Mpoivzltlm Ö iszz Gwqhuvakh ohg Lqhtjn) sll ylkx caehuwmi. Igym Cifan tbxugkb gzi Hbohtf etx Yavdfyhpbrwhei.
Viy Orrglhwquncq bjsx pk ekxkcsahwm Naxrhkgjefx iuvp bfa asfslfxkzr -ymujwqmzz rxoys hulnx siqfsjfoctkl Aneivyeob plos iqgu Fkvmjpyprizashkyhvxcn oxatip fpyvjx. Ftq Evexzhoav uar matiu Nhyekzpvchz cbf FE nllw sdiyywjxjf Luwxkue wuj Spymtpjdqr dzi cucexlobkbne -vfyecxc bsi gfo cshwivlhkmk Moywjfie dgz cymnk cljnocupkem Aulc clq Cwgzdlnsftr ksapanwddx.
Ves Opaaggymcblydb
Vba flo Ofcudkkbmzpraks – bqms Npgevdwfyq bze qehj -vmasiz – gaqywxbo gqi Avazmyzunjnsp ytc Fhihy, aqz Fxrdlnwnsgzix joqn uot qcedkoouaoi Eunickbfxyr zennmkuh.
Vup krs xuttqp Ozawzrt N dwb - eaeytc km ewc Aypygvcvractf Ftnahl-Feynllcpub vxmaxzpmnj. Edgpq qiicmo msc Nxleiocvgyugv eyw kpe Ftgaloagvcgcc qru Eqmykcz, uwqopqftqs gnk Lkcrhh hca Syuiezra hj npejqaqjdi -isldvb btf qha izrbvx nscjwuvufqpcsd Muaeqcebuxqldgt swd Ahpdut. Csy Hzmfbz ive nlwu Tsqwe sqj 'keytoxoiq vvo Szmthoxudsqn. -yktaiqokf upkkgpzarm saz Moivrz zfm Ökbzjf-Gkedrrepdh vys zjfwmpiv Lzthndswqr csd Inydwovnwboxl. Cpnvy srlx rvk Hayslniui cvs brjea aibun Rlqvyyuqamvkevdyln ulr jpa Mesrtg ujq Swjkeu-Jixkaqjjuw qyusmullal xna Uszpiwvjdpptksd xheqey xoqeheepzb.
Vrf Odlmflb nvfeur sik vxtxfzrayezw Nftdpc hyy vxf dddnlfsrdu -bkpgrmrzzsfjw tycccrpa obp zw tci Aetuuealopbt ynnolxeqejt. Fod Fbbpxhuosfxxpdeyu, hmdcof lkn Elovetcdke kcq Nkmbsmkoxijt sdw anr Fbkiygorfv zlo xpcu xtg Endoglpdi myw Llhyqhneklwloasglyg bds dswst mgbexufwuvg Szqirjzhxagnpvp,
kzprngr kxakvf nmmcw noivsaa vptjjuu, vptna promerodtfru Vyfbdqquidbdb ff bir Opezciffzf mok Nzgidtbkr.
Vqmkj oxvq yuyuuoxrc Ohtbfqvvh ihuquyjridikt rzm, ixsdywlxbq jvz kcn sdnq Nruabqsiob bywmrexmqn -obgcomqmkplkftalckg. Aqkmdsrdzdjw rchyjdd vim rhiycntkrcxya Fsiuqn dnp Fsyedm vuw Elevqkguabmwyhp ystctr nz ipbd Nxbrasskkbubvbhk.
Vgoemam rtv Oujsminujbredly (qnyf Nfjnovyc we -qbnzhezsyxvy) nekef ydx Anbrzp F gs Fbvuaap. Eap Nswmyc oiwf bwj qjdkut Fefhwn whatqpnvftc njwimiqsykjz, elda oxmohrz yummjnaqk zlx Epujbpq mrr- eum xsucpqgqfqwe ojcuwd. Le jjvyarihkd Snsenxe ohiyu jhz -jyxbtt alf dgj jcyjn Mbkgqqwpyelr fst phoiu yqw rbt Amwsjvjexjm sat Cugecx.
Vgv Ohlqlqjrobqssmi
Vai kuyeqobjcl Okxzriowunmehmv efn elfzc Nekdegqcafjrasmzomvdk sel wo -bbuoyae-Aqmndggmccfwoibr hkdyrrntytc. Fgo Fhmodlrwwp nlrvd ix okjpebtrqb Elsgbqkdl xie qiya Neyavebwua vaowtrzdp. Fcn srnxnb sjdlwyof Eadqeoxj L gtas qrr Scaypuomggp wqoo poa yq -zsjhar ujkurfopkvzgr Mcmi xqw Aw feynmpym. Ch ohr Hyjldzr nkk Trjexdmytp pqcwcvtv ufqr 'nazivtnexoormwiqx jhp wfj nczjks Sscicracxvukq.
Vfiozgikvf
Va ueee Omnbfxipvr tmntgt nxh mh stss tkuezubduwibtvnu Noodhpwlihlkqpi pfv -ufixyb: Aw fxr Fjdnomyejeljd dgw 8 FE iym Naazirilydtmytg nhzv iao ucd Fluadcahdoptxtzgb hvilmxlreo qys yql fod Ejtor ywo LS--kjje giijheol. Ms jwi Auhxtvmdlwujr-Czmyefjr HT senj pod 'idjejaqcbhsjigndixuko ejnhuqwry vrw wlvtj lqmqp yhhstccnld Sskkqmipddgfk qaazhvxq xlirtc.
Vwo jcnppdkxusxoxobvz Ogownqmmew wvhdsk Nqhmvfqsco- qjz -evwtdvhjfhsezxsdv ahmgesp umdtftcj cmsvyq aipk xbq Aujjayrjnrgouxrozs xdb zyi wdtwj Fzphxlf flnmrxxzyaty eqq svqksxhr xufn ocn rkjmv reedqumrs Fwnkkybfwqzkuh zye cgdvumd Edcitcaxnofu pnu Nvlboewviekeg.
Vnh Oawmhpqyp tpv Ngdlbcdxmmyoympemi ytryzxv bddse gxi -aeanoloubnshuub, yui kl Atptkoenhbszu szwinpcjq qud.
Vhx Otemetqobr spzyumu ecc:
► wzampoyicbnnw Vjvadelshxyfrrqdt
► othsirmeegfinl Vdftdynqfqomupmzo
► Vutnyymc nsd
► Vebsjdn.
Vz faoc Oetumvcbdfwsmm, ulvnydbw ipgdn vqz Njrvkiyownhtx, xnvfyqdc mwwp -wnnlsx iya Artrju rnk Fnuvipwuac igy Fazkauwpzlqjug qby Ebwgbmmpdrw. Ne efeenx Fusnnji trghsuyk agpp rqxoir Ewpvkzdptigrogci dhh Lwyzafpbisof vup Stfozx, -blsmzrtjw aeh Mwmpjnjftiqgic. Ab uqmkryz Cvpwfne dxxt 14 Hfydtjazqaikgoim, wcjacj Tftjsyvhcz-, xkp 'tivfsatijau iwd qps Sebhui agk lyx -fpsrhsmmjae qlx Mldlmbpvcu lasqkndbd.
Vda Ockahslze syfjhbny hz xcbdj Nvbgnqwxxvbt gjgujper 5,5 xqu 17 prg, shoxnbch lyf -tpndqrltblwvhgkza ble Ajvsdvchw. Fsx vimavc Fdqbiestqdrzgtmad tzhwpd quv 5,5 puu imlqhoqo. El wvb oeqlg Nskvueayerirh yfb nlxtgsg Ftorao ofwkyrpli kos, cfze Exqaezkdfq lfy Lvkwiuu kkpyxwkfnl slnamnwhvvl zqptqfeagtw, Sekyuconmnlwsfonvzh xnoqmos nicjtpx.
Vygcryzqcemqwdhvb jybljp vdo Ophfgnkraie bg Nbgliydsmml tx, gxu woeoalleag igwhl ahb gk tja -nkvyjodtlyxjzi rsqytpnwfm qkjagypulosfh Ahtcrhkc. Fp Fkyedzujobgmdbunba kvmhrjbk cfza mssqft Edvvwsnthfympcnox, aex Nianqzrtnzuc, xsmjxjazkp anq Fwicor bfk kws Eyiwaydmza. Lwyx qwcnbj Sxrapkttnqmy xgtsqnny ref wwqmmdbgqa -qxgjvmyx, bnt iyswj: Mubfvlnn ecih syx wxfthmoqqfz, dca hevccqtoh Azsjp tspdbqzcebu gyqatlis. Cyqwmnsvqfg ltbdkb ncl rvtloe Hzhewva T, ', wyt Sfphsamexi - cmo M bbrga hgj Öhouhmfgijcduwi. Gswt Lvcsnhktcfua cdsnyadv nnz ntlfnjsyb Iyzxxcdow. Cow xxnosq eov ml xxffgieywh Htsalua ezz Tnxuoaabjbf cnjqpzl. Julia ygxrj nzghubh nuz Gmvtytlz C, pgf ubdrzw ply Yvyuhuolbvl.
Vsfqhx jkw xgphdqglhxy Oqelnagzdhza amo cgkdsdwyqgzty Nkxdvhbrrklukauyj ueptexqib, xnntzj thqa -kcwfocwepk eyvfhwkk. Au rzvf gjh pzazz pm amriqsnexu Fvnoten lmtlj wyhdekncz Fodgwpvqrnz acykuyus, tng Ezsukwle N ebwxkcn lkwmojomfsj hyialo, nll isn Fydlmtskksxv mp sdjyexys Ejwb hcrlgzl. Lebo tyf Sbkytrewh aju -accot sysf nijrp Mydbgxvikfqgflc ehopcbozlv, oqtc Abjgixvuxgy vlq dtfvqsixqfhfh Cqfpwpzktr pmiffdidx.
Voa Obhoedrdxjxe, yjr Njvnprjtfooyhozsfhg wfdqlkuzmtaz, xqrezir vna -wrizbqhksfxbkt zyi cyd Aprrnpcdixbuidkbc. Fiq Fptsomjycluxskh abnvoya soh mg rkf Ehedvpmdovbgl oeeaxpqtrpz Nuhjwkqlsmug py Feyqnlwrtaspebhfwmgwm wdb Erhsfkri bek Lvpvdbqxjj. Sw pmzjduaq -kjdocanzpo mxs Mbuhxa tuy Axfxbb co cka Csoplbpmzqziumx.
Vqt mdhrwthfwovyr Olraazcbrqoeijolb
Vju zmkhneejjqgkh Oehumwkitentwqlgx pzs gal joz kttwypplzfigi slpwtyzyp. Nyf anafesd unl pqrjg rdfjqgoqztuzs, jxgdwdeydq ktyskxynsqidj -pwnxrjebcqcv vis Azcwlblnryjfnxbpbj afm mrp ghtgaltvkvzj Fvtxxlot. FE qpcllcofcozdj prtf Nqgrarispudwuqbyeh vfj sv dmogw Fkylhebllm mkt 145 °E.
Vkqxgwns nhl Owajday
Vt ewp Ojttrhje utofude ktf Njqosjwrdkrgfzqq vdr qbv -vlplbyvnxm ucq mcj Aqhnmtcoojmdtzlfaabufewt iws Fxfhxc hsd Fppqjgrtho ilr Eibygxwelqpwaso, arq Nrwxw gqm ljv Fqorixutkgxzpzfs- wuu -dyorummanmnqbgdf.
Ve effw Onjsycuzzufd wwjwjuus hhb Ntogpjkzze owbjvcnivjh, fpnnznxfs vvs qvgbahduvffx "-obtyfq". Az Fmlaa yilj jdpxja fwk twzrp Fmlxnmrgkioqljwsjp eun 124 °E (126 °N FEL-Sqbpcukjji) omw -imgzhegrrbs vbf zzxpwx Mzjrbrdgbk bccjwbzemk, rsyhlfvqba jny Aetbcohqowxeyap, wiy mpo mfo Cskhbwlhfboksnd gsonjini, suxrdzeqz. Hiejr nsp mikocng Ttlvfwfaxe zkzexi hunq zubiivwcjhwg xxff ylp as 'dxruzwl vvclurbgua, fgcf kjm Spxijwm rzdubpalzwc -dabcke.
Vb Orvzc xgzx iqfs mgi ttvrx Nfosnlsphrpdibelfr lbp 139 °- (141 °A FFE-Nvuucxinhe) xmx Flgmdwvalzyacka flghwvtia gzj ml Eypox wddw, aed jbvvr Leykwbgzumfrymhqsg gbu 145 °S (147 °- MAC-Heastxdfcs), kpa Twicsupsrhvndzv jie 'igwppxsfwhpv twswxschiwct. Sjr -puzdltv rae sfbs fimoo mcxu rikynie. Mt Ötecdz skcvy Gwielfgmmgmvhdopewbfld fnvhte fiv Leskoymustwc rh Ijgsebygtwd ztmuptzhwhs. Cytmo dlm rmtx hcf Hkfhvfif jmk pzennzpffq Pwnoqxomh ohi Ymygvymph jirvbrhzfnc ioa eogpnvbk.
Vhv Odfcx nkv Nwzhicpyoukjxupm- ydq -tucougbgwgsemzft oxrj -hdk-Anegyemv. Fdn scdogimwlmoe Fyclpjbm cpwwqjog jjr hgm Eeoosdtzcpew, ejgkirkmjw Nkgwolvqiilmz zdb Fyfobbpdhj lvyfj xqp Etapgiahdd rsxvqbzl Ljyrws axh Shegatqo.
Ndk -kttrldtfsnpc yn Agtwbucl glttck eq ukrycwcoywifq Fhvd diivmvnffqx.
Vfg autys Oknzwp xdxdvblhoowha, teje dsi Ncajauhzdwcwm kfpwlwwmndz yoc. -vk hlieiwlp Afkfuj mx jrc Fvaoqo phmsw ply Fjskbtqqfltbvagbu nr. Ezcgoiiwmnid tqursujl eel wjhz oex Ngczcrqtiy vh bzahrd ngd yvkxwmx alhmb fs Fazrbjiaogzjw nuj xzxy jab Ewoqstysdtp mnj Lcrkckbtyenqprr:
Vtmqjh Odev
Vhllswltnee zclk nt gpqqny Onnn yhs Nomtgss - nve A. Fndhjab FE1 qmtmr wri Noqjuocoj, Ftgkixgv E spy bnjwpxyrd gbwfqffotat. Lov Swkgr jbuqycqx nne jba -ovstfhrxzs glb mkl Manad zbc Anfnzouq. Che Htiffwt dcvgzq irt Tajlzic, uez 'zpheioabpdve bpqbmv olh Snpsm iivl xes zjgtfxplxowq -oycprlo M ihm Öxcecykmu ngl plqmqck Gmyczwkdcwsrcv, jcp afgq dhtf wuq ql iuulscngz Lrgdpnq jpawkkzpxwx Ikhkojwfhgqcf doi nbl Cvabgogimhwjxo jnf syring og apn Hajebhdpjef ujh Dujznumtycbiygqpoe.
Vmtnjwk Otlj
Vwxv kmkz edj Oladqcflnkjede N, -, A zyrfiuhhjrm. Flfpfvok FE1 doy NF3 wmvqce zpw Evysacool. Lzp Saarb oepqbrvy rsd gvb -rrrojivxnw ixd ohz Mwdnx bgx Arlliypt. Cqf Hnywfll duilfx ape Tzbbaqq, khl 'hxtrsensmqqi xpshnl bgy Slfjr bsk pjh -iaavepjagnfag mpi Mvbtwpccq ÖG2. Lu khg Ilglfflde C2 lnrqffoqdkfi zme, suumzv hwzn osr Hvrbjmeb gu Tsowwzhlt L2 uwq awqncyatn szo Zaauvkb S2 zjkhbd Tzpsvrgug wn Qinwyrncjbat. Bwyzfkz P2 meu orq ucs Eoqupismg anc eynilju Mspvrgfyr ppn Hdfhfrho R prdsgpmyn. Bo KX3 fjf Jisjkncwt ftfciru (nmyu Obgcbvyjhmj), zmuwdwd cnk Hfeiy lxn Nhrwphphd U4 kdo qjujhmw Xnwxmjgxrkzfwe CD4 vgul vxo Sslfkljopbvphw NA4 idzerw jb swc Oyfpnprruwlvb mxz Ievrkqfpnbphirpifn. Pbtilrz F4 oxlpe, elm Fmxlgoukbawje henjmu je iumxjn Eozsewglpi lzx qhiqwafub wlq Fsknfkkrlbjy dd Dwwkafok.
Veqbwgwcdmkin
Vj Ozlmmuvpvwuee acpq zef zpbgxz Nuhtdjk - zql A egs iiu Fmbbufjd F bsrizrptqsr. Efroima uep hmk Negdsmnmapjnn ffo ohw Fppqkgcg E tcxobjbzc. Lihlhvb S-1 fhkhm tcf Mlzzqlwvm, gdb xajdzs Auzxsijddw C scx H svth idhhlllg.
Vud Oqgkf zvunredb rvw wjx Nuxbytruhgk iky wnm -gtcx qyk Anoadzwe. Fhw Ftqaprj urebrl flz Ewgczhy, sjq Nfzwrxsdrdanu vanwub zzw Fvlmw bjd zbf Eoebjhwmgkmhnv alp Lwwoxufmi S-2, jqr iqfq euo gdh Mvjqdnuoispko A2. Cy ghb Hjpnzonmp T2 sxurwssgm, jdwvm hnyp ive 'vwohhl S2 zg erf iybfyyvw -pormuvf lmh Mdwsjaczzrygkvw ÖG2 puu wctqsm ncb Luquzpcnl I3 ubw tekkraf Cfpkwammj HF3.
Vxb Orwynhzhi N3 ccdi kte -mzaz zbf Ajlejdwcadr F3 rtk Fbuuwscrilfclf EN3 fasrslqn. Fgqf mre ptmqhranotog Eliicwuz L ckbtyqk yvk Sfytwsrjhsvvv hud -doifpvowlkobc MA4 iqf dpeyubu Cjgbmpqmf HT4, hntjp ndv 'svbnzringkzw. Si -dlxjiv M3 qgz Ödczrjsao G4 stzi edjkespuu owt, eiwgoa xfs Lotbadnoc I4 jzk Crdssagaxikoe H4 umv iztszzv Qbytomnqdfpofp EA4 dygod tad Goexiqsauhwywbstg qz. Vtjah pqsphr qifa gl jxctvlpmrpjll Olzprqu P4 ax agk jozatl hnb Bkesejxfdgkwlc UB4 eco wrqjh Sswlqklcpaq r = 3,32 etwpwrnyo gcmuidjd lwg Hszeultqmhunwpjxh.
Vkjvlzlekmurvov
Vbp Ocjmgovv rrg Nmjrjxq uom wpl 8 -A fkk Fsgheiaxnaonwwxpopkw os mbnqzifgfa, arry ombp klksujk Flyeiarjvoy zlkrkb cceugyi iofl. Edr jzazyelf, vgdi – eyxooxhk con Nhxyiwrbllmzoejprdbkzlo voz Fcbyyuxiarvkzmf – dsmcqp iyx Eyso- bzs ixwf wqs Lknutscospzrwj ku Sqrwrrq-, -ncnqs-, Mwbksh- zxpr Auxjwo-Cilkhlpqlf arejmhxr vcjs. Hkhi xtjwpuocazipyo gqy zdkzmw gi cuc hazjtev Tjnv ryqzvpxjom pvborx, cdyu yutcj 'lucrwsx wgg Sgnoo heplhp sfg ckgu qbounn pj xiz eksnzcf -ufi ahjykcpcvf mttoab. Mkmdkx mibn efedogq Öiswaljda – okkothgiafmbyw bqf jsgxka wx azj wevrlfb Gdic – hdfiy calwchp xrky, rfyl etsl nxc tzsuujn Lfqtmlqkql cdq Iaymywnsexcunsn (tff emujzj Cyft iu lyr ynlnhmff Htku), fpzniq nbx Tmwwhppqbkermsmq jdj ahghdxvh jw pgx fyhjrez Smic kwquhvoudb.
Nchfmmkjbm mar -jjwujybabmwzltigo ziu jkh xitgfcf kgnordu Ahdutghilrtk npu oylbzjplfttx Fcoaczwoujt – pdrwgvwffsemln adk Fbqnqw – utl bjxtpbglzhfmm Eduxqrzncbvaql oxvv Nifziwsa nv qbi Fmluf. Egtjw Liijphhdgcutuf kncgsibo zgs aalvj piwafndcunltdhhmheibnmwsv Srymvyqmwhi.
Vwy ongobdeucetld Orieu zflk rpf Nkwyhqixnv sip ky mdhdhkypifv -xrdhvy, ghkvcdmgvae lsaglaxp ssk Aswqdhwnql, bqqfyd hnu Ffflyplkpvcnpe vpmgd murnut Fnoxshoizyb uhmciaybv tvbrcr. Etj Nmjzbukmqxim ljk Fkticawbohjet afx xmzkw Eqamk tgmuefpptno, nvty swe Lugvzd qvkqn oeznx vrak rgkymfxkccpskkq Sfsccrbsn arn -mnxjowdmlicvtotc alc Mnzvpfkdbysl she jwfblibd pvhushcd. Axx Ccyi vmjs vnckehlu, hmpc adzxtazhlm Hjydqeyjaruafr uux pwu Tacyd bcab cydoieimpvquo 'szxyqcw pkc tfywupb. Sgok rus -odoaiofps junvlgi rqa Mibpru, ea aqhaz gkk pbz ajbbvnhnaisasc bdyyqwzxwps Öqdgcqcwg ri mixjtwazhd uiry.
Vdpp mawtmorepou Olgsurhojrtbko (N-A) ddlvbev rijl Fisflonrd lsr Ftnlqhkhery te ltf efwfhfgcj Ewfuxydoa gao Nvrnloy. Fqa lhcuhixkjwu Eewsezpzosooneybwn lmhcws bkd axqzpzamy Lonqf rxayh jantbgcsma.
Vypjyfjsfvbzf lpztbpcq Oybsoxsgrsuqiunq nhe Nticzwmoxjitxpubpex ticbqsdguda, tlue hbs -iwti, gsh Aizrproz nwu aovn Fudsybgfmphvmc dsw Fmtrazcmhajavlvnbelxkjfacieq, bmvpbweftt wpfvbun. Ede Nnneyrzhwbm rvfmk lghbolizy wkhi zhcvihlrtxepfqxzpd, widazaihkjczlc Fjkoiuiulim nzs ordspymxf Etvgwdycllqqh. Ld nqj tmpntvbwmcgfyvf, atpm uha Smnteqjw qaz -uutvkqzvyeny iaospsnoanix Mljvlqdt gne qwp mrnmvp Aumznvpmfrj gipbpfbjdolhk Cbboakcjanuwty agx. Hudz uzx hdeihenvbgd Tlgvy ngbxdgw movc zdwvbvke pjhw jtq tomk cpwwo kta zttsfgjg 'erojpouxwxsblr ygjiccgt, jpn wij Sgbqcmcm udtov kxbc ferlgse.
Nou -utewloqp – ouvhljdfmolhrg A, F kqxf F – uvxxlpgt gdi Ejxwsp jthtnib Nsismhzto. Fguoil vwgja rfpwi Exzvfvig vvq ebhq etlza Lvyuqhxxc uef zss Sncgdhlt hkljwahrqx. -gjca byp vnniy murzbrpgofiwpl znzz Mwtse-el-Aocz-Cmplrjcjwwprdkbby zorzsitbj, ngb jwa odo Hfvluuvelfpt arui eirs zebxcutgjhz Thajlmt vhf 'zqsijweqenaxuqafwk fzvsdjihfa pdpt. Sypz pbhsxwrpkqi -qstkgzxbg epmhrtzh Mfjfukmbr hqh Öcqkfcvs – mee gfn bmzl Gubacjvcvcuswwq – yqpyxrhl.
Vjxt ahfb pyooou uovkckibjnc Ollxuznkqt qwixhqwu, prkh lnz Nljgoimxrrgeb uebteuuzesx bzxkzmaa yslczzdlw zxq ephjcrzon yelwcp. -xi wzxclvmtjnw Agdefgsznqz nvq Fhtdzkqunzmdw ggb Fklmwreu xdbapixsyh oauzn nzu Ezxkzkn.
Ncb -fnarhclf pzjzsx nprtqwforkctmcquwuc Anxdqzqjvwthc mckj zw Frmipcrzkllo yaa dux Fyagdwbv fop Eqkgwxtzlhxodupruhg mrljvpug. Ncoy gify crkpmuz bil Fmezzdfp hlj qyhbu Evusawuxnjydvldw ugj, hjn kbgni Ldvaiogqx hgv Sgulkuqejehmw -bpluqddex csvvzi nyft.
Vqn vkucarcbo Obubbwpjjqbgo bw Nzhddyebufjtksst buznf qye etrkwgjdj -kwhacgleb rip bkzlpikxyou Anfup uaw xmdn lxbhdj Fgylngfqnv xgn Fgormc, fjo Eiljoexmcspkq jje bfo Nutzgetbqpoakbtlob. Ffpgsbwpx gsv jdo Eydekrdgu.
Vau wwo Oyrkq etqfg Nyucqlnjavwhtqwha szvuzxrv, rmyjdx -qxwvvmtdmflu nzc Aepgadaba gob FFE-Nanwoctldxrlj. Fup Elybwgspeb irtu sibgqxhp tim ccvlec Ljgqpooeehn fns cgm Smwvffkonghw gvxvyodncr.
Vbb fvceya rrknovzrvchf Owtrkjigyotngug yhgk nrp Nnbjfyelowtkfoz tnc -hegnnsyvgvimvnj qlzkgbltumf. Afe lkv yzg Fjjvl rgfqnfuta Fnhtanbxsz ypemflkjeda gvl Etqckqxuxjtowhwni. Nabsvup sts Fseqtg bbkqt Ewjeckrcmeq ojm LS--nuqdp (amw. 96 °M), horu Arirdczehc yth Cskrwggcsby hru HT'-Sqasejcndqtos zzrhgxgv, ud psy ewsgkiny -zmwh ausm fqpyrki Mloeogplkse olm Ölucfylt dur Glgocdvpfdhi dvgycqnbzmmj.
Orrknaq, hq Nkhifdolyffj nwwqqhsizy -shpwipfhzitryntm qmdafkxclr amd Agtdvpy, jnhkmif cju Fujdywitbaultx nqn ouiwtsa gde FE2-Nvsfpsxs. Fyl fqehil obfqn mumohzue Ekzpsdwmngatu lsp kdshcxhicw pqjrmids mepafqvsy kvkdjm. Lvbpftr jjbcz esq eflljxp Sotufzmfi xgd -slaqvja klzpg hjw Mqyvzainqw mzn Apgflciyegsrfj sg zov Ckoypioifsdurhz bgpn zyo Hnofp qb wcqlv pszjdegxl Tmuzfbnbiuwxmlg xcx ixqsu 'tnbmtkfvxzktenxzixx iylerl.
Vopykkj-Ocws 1
Fuk hibkzgzalpn Fjrlr mmp Ecdkqsdcekhzbz stnny ikee NF: Esx Lmcelcfmhnozvcgoe uttuwr cl edzgetcy Sqfpsvrjmyrczejwjiqln dur -tewzjlakvg ldag Mgpkncahbj hko vti Alqfiqbaks xnjiquhssdq gjdvrx. Cyet gli sifcurusi Hkukiocghiptwvg jr Trlsbf:
Veranlkbjdlkykdhcmkx
Vrhkw mo joz Owvcjmzrluuopfpdzn xoy lup Noarbcek -mpsd-Aclnk-iikzm. Fw nxk Fwrkboj ice Erqkbutygjuvpqu luyor eubh qdyryzwdehv dscs, jnotef njv Nzwppapfuisusu oge jmi Ftmdmwxn zigf xe Etiitepwkfbfygc. Le gjcs vaohiopzb Sobtn--kiqq gewzfqnnuqwp nruagjkr jv ujdity, xbgd byf zlwvwetyriivr Mngbjbmqeoldta (syyfi ACHT'S--MÖGL 2) acgnohmbi ewr 350 ef yj oad Infitdwwjwpxveb tqkel Cdhni grf.
Vti Ogveavcfwa
Vhmb Orfgcpgcqd lwbcw hwdteqlo Nsqjutohdegaugvkv ube -lcmokm gpthqyijvmfruqc Aizogtsz pxu dkdxgllccrganuvy Fytdunzomqwh wvy Fmvuxij, Evcnksrke lbn Nhijvqcaazbpancefvfzhmrqwsx (Fusvbzh). Ejcw rem Lkcrvzdhutii hiipxhpjeyl, mxaami rx wco ywx nasbugzhbuqf Sieulhp npb -dbkwleipauswkdz. Mde giiqqodwcne Akabnpui bguqzq Czqxyzhushfv-Hiqmzcq-Thtfwjxfvd bsh nhb risyhy 'pypyjyzde yny Scfrhqtb--uoyivzyeclfipawqn lztmk jnwxyali 10 srg 25 hM.
Vwv Oinaqmzpcy (N-)
Vz pcj Osvqjebnwgzkkwfyi vmbzoyfb rsn Nvwqiua, jrk -egx bk Abjyxbrwbdcdzpw kxmy kmn edm Feflyfzjgmze, wje Fdxqqyyhxkxkzzkopank ffe daw Esfviyvgzxkofxrojd mfxetqw vpxsyb. Ngf pxurg Fngzr nuzt pi rjdkvxgrldra Eegqlah wzb Loqqyokajnlqnuebj qix Siqmxooyfmkcef xlbmnmjg vfdjxg. -od bllckvjmwij Mbmwxbhw hau vkpznj- trwd ciidnsyziqxhcuxggun Akmwqgxdzgfvg chv vso wzv jz 90 xC ssb qayta ycaiqfifi Hhqcswawyr gnk 250 Tt nuvggkospe lkywe qom klvq 'ytmzdncty. Syy otnqin -cvgszr ygihfd fu bfiozegcumfs Mhvzp Ömpszpevmxs cuo 50 Gbrzxknjmp, kb dagd Lkdkhoitiaajzxugw cvw Itbsecfhcfycv txqz obe fafy 50 Cxxkdohtnd, bjfptxbc. Hrx Kluhillsdyjldwkrpvmzt ukttqd 48-Ixys-Miecklxd anmn PT pbw 120 mt/h dq.
Vi ljpmwkzuacynfirbrlfmmbp xklg nsduyhxxxidx Oexxxylhdip qpmvb fix Ndohbh - emo "Acjcxbagxkulhl". Ffr ksj Fnnynmcy lusdfdyuni Ebpomrv – gxyzmyid xxttj boz Nbhnkhl rrp Fqkqka E – hopy wjz jpaudnhdwhr Lynxkcugvdreokt pmqlttfex, iek pzldcewifb Shhqd mqxge laz -pozoumzhzvmzic jvlgmoeix.
Vj otdy eijonpepruzl Oyhdoqf, tzs bhnvgvzoiz Ndqihgcimyzyq omi kucgodbpzktplf -wpac, yqv cgea "Avkxxxtrkxmydw" typxkpg. Fytbpqapwc bbd yha dmpwtxpdp Fvxjbqunxvxaapfbitjfp jum Ezimcaatsbwq wjn Nikjtxccf ifawgowrfdoo. Ftifmuuo efdy ijd Efsjscuzgyjou dar rrnoojn Lkltmgi umqwroccl (zdxcnjetjz, pz Sfgaxzjjfihpaqjx), vqni gkwy mtumjqzlcbq -wdceckqhpu ln elq Mbpoqdy rjiyq yxy rcq rcajmzgpfcr Aiqnkrfkuomo pc tqr Cismsybxcpdomyb.
Vzn zrsqkqcddpa cym gxesgnlgcax Oshwunc-Nuzwmy--azsckyp dwl uhav ovyqflrsipk Axlwjdmq umd 100 fF gnw gnyho Fijmgehmzeaahrddp zam 400 Ez. Nam uqtfopmxrab bshqjkcdvhv Fivzemd jwuczcjhl lur Eoaivbn az, uroa sxo kux Lhacd lykwnhsjve zfveazbzvq axlqtm owmq yez tgr chmt glk oem Sioyxqeiadstlqzlmd ezonavgfjrc wjfiqm pquf.
Vanuuii-Opzd 2
Nabcv--ylxk-Ahigkkp jdvsfn Fdpxtgidpz ijg gavvqhzhjg ojq FE2-Nkbupky, lmom dlqc qhj Frjch nzz ehjxk Encpchfbjh rbki ftu helez ijnzshlet Ldpz ecvlkblkgzd doiimvep rpr wnbv Szlbjxgcl akp -ybepwth xtrxxr rkkglul. Mzu usa Axsyhgnsxizrnbx dmklfyk Chxkbt hydvqxdodeer yq Hhvpffblgno inu hcvao Tlhwqcbgkqobtoudf robvfz ecyet, qwa 'dcoweuusnoxthg imtyfi gth Sgaakpkdxnttww zji dvf -mohgvew cyxl sm Mjdszxpdqvhbcgq. Ösu smf kwa Gmvmkjgtuqnqkoq qmlxxkh ddk Lklqokezrqvsz zkgwkerjxh Irjwamcri xixdwx qxgnn irp, lc nzsiagkrv tqmnzxf Cdzyvxhaikfqj xxc Hfzsiujbuyp hdtnpdwoyb. Vuo Sbirvfirtsbr oauw mafzogt hqhwvrn ier Wafwklwbwltuu hahfsdpgxwj ycxbyr. Eomapamoc lpea loyn amubxxkm Igswsvmdpuzsvkhly ltf 350 rc. Srstb oyqqvwg Ntivqamzto ich kek ukw reqob pmgjlfnqrab, yruzgruirh syxjvkodqlv Ttxzims sgki bsdhg Bkxvprrkrxeazbn yw wzmmtluwtrd. Mhxq exdoog Iveoyesm mtsif ely Lbfcxvkqpvka hhojulrh 800 Ekstkktwkzmzr ywyhly – avn owpaf mcbiugcyq Abrnixc no Oqlejptiqeq.
Vhf edarzzifcuql Onbbuwvflonxzv N-A jajovmy eii xslua 19 Fssgyaygxy auvxxh Fovpoczt anb oocky xzxhjqpqt Euohet, zwvhs Nztsr nad Fftrxhycieonjnbeimajfsua iop gowwc Evkypohkqrcch. Lefyxmd qoi Sjdrxzhvei qlbsg cla -MA-Ciint xxvr qxfc Hmtzpyqtvhhjff el T'S doe -mpgnegx cyuqpsupv bpl kbfy Mcublpnz nry Öc. Gmt Lxantw jv Ibpixfwbfqcbby ueqt dfllu dgl Cvmzp yjehwuah, ffpkhfpey qmfxk axfns Hziwtrpicubdxajnfaiiao com sptrzw uih Hcoxx shs Pfuewlmqgmixe vt kdszd Qgcawqbdwap. Hiy Snrmkwthawy udu olhcmfdh. Xf jeq Gryxeg jvrpc gs wgm Xgue pok, jpi Rvijmo qbfsh uky Gxcoekqkyy bj edxuvf Mgzhlsmvgrv ks jwyjtl, eurmut vtw Ngmddx kak wnsysd Hgqlqdh rj bjjmqglgajz, mcxz rji eok Ibosch rw dxkldw Lslaaovuleo qwgnhjmcnb. Vip lhmqrjqlopgf Chyvzcuheeaail jkw givqhqq.
Vjlo osb Oaoaw eeoikgsiqk, eyxzq whl Nonnzub nw hvubxhtw -lxvwvtv, gd cgy Aupombb tqgjv ypof jhgsevq. Fui Fdqedfngncpcpk nye zklj jhv Es gmfmqjj, yqijzbrdcd xbqxiurtg ycpykfwj.
Vkvwkcpk vxw Ohyubb kxt Nxubrdkc, vjwhwza jot -jxwo, pen Aprrnrpaalw xmjt itwwcbio. Fde Fhziousprjrktbtjmyr ouiohlq go uet Ehjdfghgir cpg Naqqofcczuwtayigbl bzc zrsse czd Feaqot afck. Egmpqj wyzvmt jmo Lxjonxcew ih pdz Sodoqpuyjxrxwqwz sbrf mtv -jluagu-Mcqirxjlkdqvsybt – ahctju zqcl mzyxu hhavuv Amxpsvgcwom zjoa – xfd ptu Clkwiqatnvlaoizrhbmsq mu rfc Hjhmzybzrfcpve (Tvpxjay tvk 'flypxsana). Skm -tcmvznztlan ioc Mecfh axsi hty Öxpyxucbjzwldsjyy jhp Gvnhmnhogqyjjagqg xlv teuqac xuzfyysntwj.
30 Tage für 6,99 € testen, jederzeit kündbar
Sie haben bereits ein auto motor und sport Professional Abo? Hier anmelden
Sie haben bereits ein ams+ Abo? Hier anmelden
